Version history
The online book is updated when new material is added or when corrections are made. Each update gets a new version number x.y.z:
- x increases for substantive additions, such as a new chapter or appendix.
- y increases for substantive corrections: corrections that affect the meaning, validity, results, interpretations, examples, or conclusions.
- z increases for editorial changes:
- referencing: citations, references, figure, table, and equation numbers, and cross-references;
- typographical: spelling, grammar, formatting, and notation;
- clarifications: rewording, small additions, or consistency corrections that make the text clearer without changing its meaning or conclusions.
Only the highest applicable number increases, and the numbers after it return to 0. For example, an update with both substantive corrections and editorial changes goes from version 2.0.1 to version 2.1.0.
Version 1.0.0 was a draft (preview) version of the physical book. It replaced the online book at bookdown.org: Dul, J. (2021–2026). Advances in Necessary Condition Analysis. Version 2.0.0 corresponds to the first print of the printed book, published by Chapman & Hall/CRC Press: Dul, J. (2027). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Principles and Application. Below, the most recent version is listed first. Section, figure, and table numbers refer to the version concerned.
Version 2.0.1 (5 October 2026)
Corrections of errors in the first print of the printed book. The most important editorial changes are:
- Section 8.2.4: ‘(\(y \geq x_c\))’ should be ‘(\(x \geq x_c\))’.
- Section 9.9.6: ‘This implies that (14.8%) is in the ceiling line’ should be ‘This implies that 4 cases (14.8%) are on the ceiling line’.
- Table 11.3: ‘Empty space does not consider third variability’ should be ‘Empty space does not consider third variable variability’.
- Section 11.6.1, Figure 11.8: ‘casual-triangulation’ should be ‘method-triangulation’.
- Table 12.1: the references in the note below the table are corrected and linked to the bibliography.
- Section 12.4.3: ‘summarized in 12.2’ should be ‘summarized in Table 12.2’.
- Table C.2: the publications are ordered from the most recent to the oldest publication, and subsequently alphabetically, like the other tables in Appendix C.
- Appendix A.1 (Nomenclature): the meanings of \(a\) and \(b\) were swapped; \(a\) is the intercept and \(b\) is the slope of a linear function.
- Appendix A.2 (Glossary): ‘Returns on Scale’ should be ‘Returns to Scale’.
- Appendix I: ‘a positive distance indicates that the case is in the non-bottleneck (\(x > x_c\)) and a negative distance indicates that the case is in the bottleneck area (\(x \leq x_c\))’ should be ‘a non-negative distance indicates that the case is in the non-bottleneck area (\(x \geq x_c\)) and a negative distance indicates that the case is in the bottleneck area (\(x < x_c\))’.
- Appendix I: ‘discussed in 12.7.2’ should be ‘discussed in Section 12.7.2’.
Last update: October 07, 2026
Version 2.0.0 (September 24, 2026)
Corresponds to the first print of the printed book, published by Chapman & Hall/CRC Press. The text, tables, and figures of the online book are the same as in the printed book. Differences with the printed book:
- Several figures are in color.
- Section 8.2.2.2 has an animation.
- Long or wide tables are scrollable.
- The front matter of the publisher (title pages, copyright page) and the index are not included.
- A version history is added.