Bibliography

Abbass, A., Khan, J., & Tao, M. (in press). How digital doppelgänger ignites unstoppable brand love, loyalty & word-of-mouth in the metaverse. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2564271

Abdalla, M. J., Mwesiumo, D., Öztüren, A., & Kılıç, H. (2022). Perceived threat of informal players: Enhancing the operational performance of inbound tour operators through coopetition. International Journal of Tourism Research, 24(6), 775–785. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2544

Abner, G., Alam, A., & Cho, H. (2023). What is necessary for high employee engagement and satisfaction? A look at the best places to work in the federal government index. Public Administration Review, 83(4), 974–981. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.13576

Acquah, I. S. K. (2023). Modelling the importance of collaborative culture and its dimensions for supply chain collaboration: A necessary condition analysis. RAUSP Management Journal, 58, 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-05-2022-0153

Acquah, I. S. K. (2024). Unravelling the asymmetric effects of procurement practices on firm performance: A complexity theory approach to complementing fsQCA with NCA. Heliyon, 10(3), e25230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25230

Acquah, I. S. K., Issau, K., Dei Mensah, R., & Vanderpuye, F. (2023). When stakeholder orientations matter: Modelling employee orientation, shareholder orientation and supply chain orientation as necessary and sufficient conditions for firm performance. Heliyon, 9, e20359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20359

Acquah, I. S. K., Naude, M. J., & Oguji, N. (2025). Harnessing the dimensions of supply chain collaboration to promote innovation and flexibility in buyer-supplier relationships: Insights from fsQCA and NCA. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 221, 124363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124363

Acquah, I. S. K., Quaicoe, J., & Arhin, M. (2023). How to invest in total quality management practices for enhanced operational performance: Findings from PLS-SEM and fsQCA. The TQM Journal, 35(7), 1830–1859. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-05-2022-0161

Adam, I. O., & Dzang Alhassan, M. (2022). The mediating role of ICT regulation on the effects of ICT access and ICT use on e-participation: Evidence from structural equation modelling and necessary condition analysis. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development, 14(5), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2021.1937815

Afrin, R., & Prybutok, G. (2022). Insights into the antecedents of cyberchondria: A perspective from the USA. Health Promotion International, 37(4), daac108. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daac108

Agmapisarn, C., Seetha, P., & Fakfare, P. (2024). Optimizing surplus food redistribution: Leveraging digital platforms to advance sustainable consumption. Sustainable Development, 33, 3831–3846. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3322

Aguinis, H., Ramani, R. S., & Cascio, W. F. (2020). Methodological practices in international business research: An after-action review of challenges and solutions. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(9), 1593–1608. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00353-7

Agustí-Pérez, M. A., Vázquez-Sánchez, A., & Orta-Perez, M. (2025). Identifying the necessary elements in audit quality for customer retention. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 43, 212–233. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijqrm-03-2025-0104

Ahsan, M. J., & Tahir, M. Z. (2025). Building resilience at work: The role of employee development practices, employee competence and employee mindfulness. Measuring Business Excellence, 29, 693–714. https://doi.org/10.1108/mbe-09-2024-0140

Ahsan, M., Gyensare, M. A., Adomako, S., & Zheng, C. (2024). Chronic health issues and entrepreneurship: Exploring the role of grit, bricolage and illness uncertainty on venture performance. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 43, 246–273. https://doi.org/10.1177/02662426241297642

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50, 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T

Al Mamun, A., Reza, M. N. H., Yang, Q., & Gao, J. (2025). Modeling the significance of green management practices on food waste reduction intention among small restaurants. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 30, 74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-025-10267-0

Alajhar, N. A., Bajaba, S., & Basahal, A. (2025). Leading with laughter: The impact of ebullient supervision on commitment to organizational career and employee time theft via psychological distress. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 36, 2743–2784. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2025.2565655

Aldhamiri, A., Carlson, J., Vilches-Montero, S., Rahman, S. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2024). What drives higher active customer engagement in luxury brands’ social media? Measurement and contingencies. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 79, 103804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103804

Allard-Poesi, F., & Massu, J. (2023). Research note: Is urban nature necessary for well-being? For whom? A necessary condition analysis. Landscape and Urban Planning, 234, 104728. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2023.104728

An, M., Lin, J., & Benitez, J. (2026). Effects of artificial intelligence usage and knowledge-based dynamic capabilities on organizational innovation: A configurational approach. Decision Support Systems, 200, 114573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2025.114573

Analytics, R., & Weston, S. (2022a). Foreach: Provides foreach looping construct. https://github.com/RevolutionAnalytics/foreach

Analytics, R., & Weston, S. (2022b). Iterators: Provides iterator construct. https://github.com/RevolutionAnalytics/iterators

Anand, K., Arya, V., Suresh, S., & Sharma, A. (2023). Quality dimensions of augmented reality-based mobile apps for smart-tourism and its impact on customer satisfaction & reuse intention. Tourism Planning & Development, 20(2), 236–259. https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2022.2137577

Andrés-Sánchez, J. de, Almahameed, A. A., Arias-Oliva, M., & Pelegrín-Borondo, J. (in press). Patients’ acceptance of surgical robots: Findings with machine learning and necessary condition analysis. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2575896

Andrés-Sánchez, J. de, Arias-Oliva, M., Souto-Romero, M., & Llorens-Marín, M. (2025). A combined importance-performance map and necessary condition analysis of the acceptance of blockchain use in marketing: The case of loyalty programmes. Sage Open, 15, 21582440251384122. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251384122

Andrevski, G., & Miller, D. (2022). Forbearance: Strategic nonresponse to competitive attacks. Academy of Management Review, 47(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2018.0248

Angrist, J. D., Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (1996). Identification of causal effects using instrumental variables. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 91(434), 444–455. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1996.10476902

Arcidiacono, F., Podrecca, M., & Schupp, F. (2025). Unraveling the path to smart manufacturing advancement: insights from necessary condition and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analyses. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 125, 1790–1821. https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-09-2024-0954

Arenius, P., Engel, Y., & Klyver, K. (2017). No particular action needed? A necessary condition analysis of gestation activities and firm emergence. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 8, 87–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.07.004

Arpaci, I., Al-Sharafi, M. A., & Mahmoud, M. A. (2026). Modeling behavioral intentions for sustainable adoption of autonomous vehicles: Theory, measurement, and predictive insights. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 116, 103378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.103378

Asheq, A. A., Hasan, R., & Coughlan, J. (in press). Social networking site users’ behavioral responses toward travel destinations promoted by virtual influencers: A multiple-model comparison approach. Journal of Travel Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472875251337718

Aw, E. C.-X., Thomas, S., Patel, R., Bhatt, V., & Cham, T.-H. (2024). Click to contribute: Understanding donation behaviour and well-being in donation-based crowdfunding mobile apps. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 42(7), 1835–1866. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2023-0635

Aziz, F., Li, C., & Khan, A. U. (2025). Immersive learning in virtual worlds: A two-step analysis SEM and NCA for assessing the impact of Metaverse education on knowledge retention and student collaboration. Technology in Society, 81, 102871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.102871

Baah, C., Agyabeng-Mensah, Y., Afum, E., Acquah, I. S. K., & Agyeman, D. O. (2026). Digital co-transformation, interfirm knowledge creation, and collaborative innovation: Symmetrical and asymmetrical drivers of B2B SME performance under threats. Industrial Marketing Management, 132, 117–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2025.12.003

Baah, C., Saleem, M. A., Greenland, S., Tenakwah, E. S., & Chakrabarty, D. (2024). Do the theories of planned behaviour and protection motivation provide probabilistic sufficient and necessary conditions for residential water conservation? Combined use of PLS_SEM and NCA. Journal of Environmental Management, 372, 123354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123354

Baah, C., Saleem, M. A., Greenland, S., Tenakwah, E. S., & Chakrabarty, D. (2025). Place attachment and residential water conservation: Application of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour in Australia’s Northern Territory. Environmental Development, 55, 101203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2025.101203

Baber, H., Fanea-Ivanovici, M., Pana, M.-C., & Manole, A. M. (2024). Do price consciousness, anti-socializing behavior and content add fuel to consuming online video streaming? A multigroup analysis and moderating role of gender and marital status. Online Information Review, 48(7), 1389–1411. https://doi.org/10.1108/OIR-09-2023-0444

Bachmann, N., Rose, R., Maul, V., & Hölzle, K. (2024). What makes for future entrepreneurs? The role of digital competencies for entrepreneurial intention. Journal of Business Research, 174, 114481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114481

Bajaba, S., & Basaad, S. (2025). Safeguarding well‐being under exploitative leaders: The buffering effects of follower strategies on perceived injustice. Stress and Health, 41, e70127. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.70127

Bao, Q., Xie, G., & Yao, Y. (2026). Exploring psychological dependency on romantic companion robots in the single economy: Implications for digital intimacy and consumer services. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 90, 104665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104665

Batey, M., Hughes, D. J., Crick, L., & Toader, A. (2021). Designing creative spaces: An experimental examination of the effect of a nature poster on divergent thinking. Ergonomics, 64(1), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2020.1811398

Battistoni, E., Gitto, S., Murgia, G., & Campisi, D. (2023). Adoption paths of digital transformation in manufacturing SME. International Journal of Production Economics, 255, 108675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108675

Baumgartner, M. (2009). Inferring causal complexity. Sociological Methods & Research, 38(1), 71–101. https://doi-org.eur.idm.oclc.org/10.1177/0049124109339369

Bawa, R., Jain, K., & Goel, P. (in press). Generative AI adoption in universities: How TAM–TTF and neuroticism influence sustained usage. Interactive Technology and Smart Education. https://doi.org/10.1108/itse-02-2025-0030

Bazan, C. (2025). Embedded necessity theorizing to understand the influence of the precursors of entrepreneurial intention of university students. Sage Open, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251392964

Becker, J.-M., Cheah, J.-H., Gholamzade, R., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2023). PLS­SEM’s most wanted guidance. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 321–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2022-0474

Becker, J.-M., Richter, N. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2026). Must-have, or maybe not? A sensitivity-based extension to necessary condition analysis. Journal of Business Research, 206, 115920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115920

Ben Jabeur, S. (2020). The relationship between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in France: A necessary condition analysis. Environmental Modeling & Assessment, 25(3), 397–409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-019-09678-6

Benjamin, D. J., Berger, J. O., Johannesson, M., Nosek, B. A., Wagenmakers, E.-J., Berk, R., Bollen, K. A., Brembs, B., Brown, L., Camerer, C., et al. (2018). Redefine statistical significance. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(1), 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0189-z

Bergh, D. D., Boyd, B. K., Byron, K., Gove, S., & Ketchen Jr, D. J. (2022). What constitutes a methodological contribution? Journal of Management, 48(7), 1835–1848. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221088235

Berkelaar, M. et al. (2023). lpSolve: Interface to lpsolve v. 5.5 to solve linear/integer programs. https://github.com/gaborcsardi/lpSolve

Bhatt, V., Pandey, S., Patel, R., Ghodake, S., Jariwala, H., & Thomas, S. (2025). Predicting online donation intention in donation-based crowdfunding apps: A multi-stage SEM-ANN-NCA model integrating anthropomorphism, satisfaction, trust, and privacy concerns. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 37(1), 80–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2024.2351012

Bhattacharyya, J., Balaji, M. S., & Jiang, Y. (2023). Causal complexity of sustainable consumption: Unveiling the equifinal causes of purchase intentions of plant-based meat alternatives. Journal of Business Research, 156, 113511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113511

Bi, H., Li, A., Hua, M., Zhu, H., & Ye, Z. (2022). Examining the varying influences of built environment on bike-sharing commuting: Empirical evidence from Shanghai. Transport Policy, 129, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2022.10.004

Blom, R., Voorn, B., & Borst, R. T. (2024). HRM autonomy, integration and performance in government agencies: Tests of necessity and sufficiency. Public Management Review, 26(5), 1223–1241. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2022.2145348

Bokhorst, J. A., Knol, W., Slomp, J., & Bortolotti, T. (2022). Assessing to what extent smart manufacturing builds on lean principles. International Journal of Production Economics, 253, 108599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108599

Bokrantz, J., & Dul, J. (2023). Building and testing necessity theories in supply chain management. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 59, 48–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.12287

Bokrantz, J., & Skoogh, A. (2023). Adoption patterns and performance implications of smart maintenance. International Journal of Production Economics, 256, 108746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2022.108746

Bolı́var, L. M., Roldán, J. L., Castro-Abancéns, I., & Casanueva, C. (2022). Speed of international expansion: The mediating role of network resources mobilisation. Management International Review, 62, 541–568. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-022-00478-x

Boon, C., Den Hartog, D. N., & Lepak, D. P. (2019). A systematic review of human resource management systems and their measurement. Journal of Management, 45(6), 2498–2537. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206318818718

Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., & Kraus, S. (2020). Configurations of firm-level value capture in coopetition. Long Range Planning, 53(1), 101869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2019.02.002

Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., Ritala, P., & Kraus, S. (2020). Value-creation-capture-equilibrium in new product development alliances: A matter of coopetition, expert power, and alliance importance. Industrial Marketing Management, 90, 648–662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.03.019

Bouncken, R. B., Fredrich, V., Sinkovics, N., & Sinkovics, R. R. (2023). Digitalization of cross-border R&D alliances: Configurational insights and cognitive digitalization biases. Global Strategy Journal, 13(2), 281–314. https://doi.org/10.1002/gsj.1469

Bouncken, R. B., Ratzmann, M., Barwinski, R., & Kraus, S. (2020). Coworking spaces: Empowerment for entrepreneurship and innovation in the digital and sharing economy. Journal of Business Research, 114, 102–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.03.033

Bowden, J. L.-H., Eshaghi, M. S., Afshardoost, M., & Rahman, S. M. (2025). Metaverse customer experience: Conditional mediation of avatar self-congruity, user similarity and well-becoming. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 42, 940–962. https://doi.org/10.1108/jcm-10-2024-7298

Braumoeller, B. F. (2015). Guarding against false positives in qualitative comparative analysis. Political Analysis, 23(4), 471–487. https://doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpv017

Brazo, P., Velicia-Martín, F., Palos-Sanchez, P., & Roldán, J. L. (2024). Thrive or dive: Navigating the waves of mandatory digital transformation. European Business Review, 37, 486–516. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-03-2024-0097

Bu, Y., Li, S., & Huang, Y. (2023). Research on the influencing factors of Chinese college students’ entrepreneurial intention from the perspective of resource endowment. The International Journal of Management Education, 21(3), 100832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2023.100832

Calafat-Marzal, C., Piñeiro, V., Cervera, F. J., & García-Álvarez-Coque, J. M. (2025). Unravelling the functions of knowledge communities in Spain’s agri-food system: An examination of Operational Groups. New Medit, 5. https://doi.org/10.30682/nm2505c

Calispa-Aguilar, E. (2024). The determinants of entrepreneurship in urban and non-urban regions: A fuzzy-set QCA approach. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 12(2), 143–156. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2024.120209

Campbell, J. T., & Aguilera, R. V. (2022). Why I Rejected Your Paper: Common Pitfalls in Writing Theory Papers and How to Avoid Them. Academy of Management Review, 47(4), 521–527. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2022.0331

Campbell, J. T., & Fiss, P. C. (2026). Tackling the complexity challenge: When and how to engage in configurational and hybrid theorizing. Academy of Management Review, ja, amr–2024. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2024.0187

Cangialosi, N., & Odoardi, C. (2025). Team personality composition: A fsQCA and NCA approach to team innovation. Small Group Research, 56, 697–725. https://doi.org/10.1177/10464964251314196

Cao, D., Hassan, H., & Sampene, A. K. (2025). Decoding sustainability success: The role of environmental management accounting and environmental management initiatives under institutional pressure. Journal of Environmental Management, 392, 126789. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.126789

Cao, H., & Zhang, Y. (2025). Let farmers speak for themselves: A configurational study on farmers’ participation in digital village construction. Sage Open, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251393116

Carmona, P., Stef, N., Jabeur, S. B., & Zaied, Y. B. (2023). Climate change and government policy: Fresh insights from complexity theory. Journal of Environmental Management, 338, 117831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117831

Cartwright, N. (1989). Nature’s capacities and their measurement. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Casadiego-Alzate, R., Arroyo-Cañada, F. J., Castañeda-Quirama, T., Sánchez-Torres, J. A., & Luzardo Briceño, M. (in press). Sufficiency and necessity of influencers for digital collective memory: A study through combined IPMA. Journal of Modelling in Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jm2-03-2025-0141

Cassia, F., & Magno, F. (2024). The value of self-determination theory in marketing studies: Insights from the application of PLS-SEM and NCA to anti-food waste apps. Journal of Business Research, 172, 114454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.114454

Cezar, A. (2024a). A province-level configurational analysis of fixed and mobile broadband adoption. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 34(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2024.2303942

Cezar, A. (2024b). Pathways to e-participation diffusion: A societal and governance perspective. Telematics and Informatics, 94, 102177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2024.102177

Chai, X., & Wu, Q. (2025). What kind of research network configurations lead to high academic productivity for young management scholars? A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Scientometrics, 130, 2705–2748. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-025-05329-8

Chaity, N. S., Islam, K. M. Z., Masud, A. A., Islam, M. F., Rahman, Md. K. H., & Kabir, S. B. (2025). Sustainable pathways to circular economy adoption: Insights from the RMG sector of Bangladesh. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34, 5857–5868. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4277

Chaparro-Banegas, N., Sánchez-Garcia, M., Calafat-Marzal, C., & Roig-Tierno, N. (2024). Transforming the agri‐food sector through eco‐innovation: A path to sustainability and technological progress. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(8), 9075–9097. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3968

Charles, G., & Kanani, R. (2025). Antecedents of social commerce purchase intention: Evidence from Tanzanian social media users. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1), 2447409. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2447409

Chaurasia, S. S., Kaul, N., Yadav, B., & Shukla, D. (2020). Open innovation for sustainability through creating shared value-role of knowledge management system, openness and organizational structure. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(10), 2491–2511. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-04-2020-0319

Chen, P.-K. A. (2026). Entrepreneurial resilience learning in higher education: The role of metaverse-constructed ecosystems. The International Journal of Management Education, 24, 101300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101300

Chen, X., Wu, X., & Wang, X. (2025). Two distinct innovation narrative strategies and firm growth: A configurational approach. International Journal of Innovation Management, 29, 2550014. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1363919625500148

Chen, Y., & Chen, Z. (2024). Can e-government online services offer enhanced governance support? A national-level analysis based on fsQCA and NCA. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(3), 100526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100526

Chen, Y., & Huang, J. (in press). Breakthrough path of strategic technology in developing countries: A case study of China’s lithography technology. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2025.2547823

Chen, Y., Zhao, Y., Wang, L., & Shi, J. (in press). How does digital technology innovation improve land green use efficiency? Evidence from NCA and dynamic fsQCA method. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06205-4

Cheng, W., & Jiang, Y. (2023). Falling in the same predicament again? A network embeddedness perspective of organizational failure recidivism in special treatment firms. Management Decision, 61(3), 815–837. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-11-2021-1426

Cheung, M. L., Leung, W. K., Aw, E. C.-X., & Koay, K. Y. (2022). “I follow what you post!”: The role of social media influencers’ content characteristics in consumers’ online brand-related activities (COBRAs). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 66, 102940. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2022.102940

Choi, K. (2026). Capturing causal configurations of tourism destination competitiveness conditions for tourism performance: Asymmetric and symmetric application. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 39, 101042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2025.101042

Choi, S.-Y., Yang, J.-J., Ahmad, M. S., & Lee, Y.-K. (2026). Identifying necessary and sufficient conditions for enhancing loyalty in hybrid electronic vehicles: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Travel Behaviour and Society, 43, 101192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101192

Choksi, M., & Bhatt, V. (2024). Unveiling the future: Decrypting mobile investment resistance with multi-stage SEM-ANN-NCA approach. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41, 6823–6840. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2384990

Chong, S.-E., Lim, X.-J., Cheah, J.-H., & Tee, K. K. (2024). From screen to scene: Exploring factors influencing flow state and actual destination visitation tendencies in short travel videos. Current Issues in Tourism, 28, 3563–3582. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2400183

Chong, S., & Ham, S. (2023). Evolutionary conservation of amino acids contributing to the protein folding transition state. Journal of Computational Chemistry, 44(9), 1002–1009. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcc.27060

Choudhary, S., & Ahuja, Y. (in press). A nuanced picture of young consumers’ motivation for using intelligent voice assistants through a curvilinear analysis lens. Journal of Global Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1080/08911762.2025.2511090

Christogiannis, C., Nikolakopoulos, S., Pandis, N., & Mavridis, D. (2022). The self-fulfilling prophecy of post-hoc power calculations. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 161(2), 315–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.10.008

Chu, Y., Ai, Y., Wu, Z., & Zhang, H. (2025). Study on travel choice behavior of medium and long distance intercity passengers in the context of air-rail competition. Transport Policy, 170, 163–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.05.011

Ciacci, A., Balzano, M., & Marzi, G. (2024). Optimising business models through digital alignment and strategic flexibility: Evidence from the manufacturing industry. Journal of Management & Organization, 31, 1477–1497. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2024.1

Cinelli, C., Forney, A., & Pearl, J. (2024). A crash course in good and bad controls. Sociological Methods & Research, 53(3), 1071–1104. https://doi.org/10.1177/00491241221099552

Cohen, J. (1994). The earth is round (p<. 05). American Psychologist, 49(12), 997. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.49.12.997

Colino, N., Maiche, A., & Antino, M. (2025). Which cognitive factors are necessary for the manifestation of mathematical talent? A necessary condition analysis approach. High Ability Studies, 36, 129–149. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2025.2570654

Colpizzi, I., Pössel, P., & Marchetti, I. (2025). Unveiling the necessary conditions for depressive symptoms in adolescent girls and boys: A Necessary Condition Analysis study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 54, 2494–2507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02220-w

Conde, R. (2025). Uncovering sales agents’ recruitment, hiring and training practices as necessary conditions to sales agents’ exceeding quota and turnover intentions. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 41, 160–175. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbim-06-2024-0416

Contreras Pinochet, L. H., Pardim, V. I., Mangini, H., & Souza, C. A. de. (2025). Understanding the role of shared electric scooters in São Paulo’s urban micromobility landscape. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 20, 101419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2025.101419

Corbett, J., Nishant, R., Cherki El Idrissi, S., & Chung, A. (2025). Taking things out of context: A configuration analysis of the persuasiveness of digital technologies for sustainability across work-home boundaries. Communications of the Association for Information Systems, 57, 476–512. https://doi.org/10.17705/1cais.05719

Corchuelo Martínez-Azúa, B., Dias, A., & Sama-Berrocal, C. (2024). Exploring the importance of innovation ambidexterity on performance: Insights from NCA and IPMA analysis. International Journal of Innovation Science, 17, 1278–1300. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-03-2024-0075

Corporation, M., & Weston, S. (2022). doParallel: Foreach parallel adaptor for the parallel package. https://github.com/RevolutionAnalytics/doparallel

Costa, J., Gomes, C., & Linardi, M. A. (in press). Is internal R&D a necessary condition to link open innovation and innovative performance? Innovation. https://doi.org/10.1080/14479338.2025.2517858

Costa, S., Daher, P., Neves, P., & Velez, M. J. (2022). The interplay between ethical leadership and supervisor organizational embodiment on organizational identification and extra-role performance. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 31(2), 214–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1952988

Credé, M., & Tynan, M. C. (2021). Should language acquisition researchers study “grit”? A cautionary note and some suggestions. Journal for the Psychology of Language Learning, 3(2), 37–44. https://doi.org/10.52598/jpll/3/2/3

Cumming, G. (2013). Understanding the new statistics: Effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis. Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/mono/10.4324/9780203807002/understanding-new-statistics-geoff-cumming

Czakon, W., Klimas, P., & Kawa, A. (2023). Re-thinking strategic myopia: A necessary condition analysis of heuristic and firm’s performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 115, 99–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.09.015

Dabić, M., Marzi, G., Vlačić, B., Daim, T. U., & Vanhaverbeke, W. (2021). 40 years of excellence: An overview of technovation and a roadmap for future research. Technovation, 106, 102303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2021.102303

Damberg, S., Liu, Y., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). Does culture matter? Corporate reputation and sustainable satisfaction in the Chinese and German banking sector. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(1), 6–24. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00259-x

Dang, S., Quach, S., & Roberts, R. E. (in press). Human-generative AI interaction: Assessing futureproofing attributes from time perspectives and temporal distances. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2556233

Darwati, I., Yusron, M., Purnomo, J., Suryadi, R., Rusmin, D., Trisilawati, O., Yatno, E., Pitono, J., Syakir, M., Fidiyawati, E., & Hartati, R. S. (2026). Integrating SEM-PLS and NCA to reveal the mediating role of leaf nutrient status in linking soil nutrient availability and oil palm yield in peatlands. Scientia Agropecuaria, 17, 165–177. https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2026.012

Das, A., Kondasani, R. K. R., Deb, R., & Batabyal, D. (in press). Leveraging user-generated content (UGC) in pre-travel behavior: A PLS-SEM and necessary conditions analysis (NCA) approach. Tourism and Hospitality Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/14673584241292254

Dávila, G. A., Andreeva, T., & Sætre, A. S. (2024). Using social integration mechanisms to boost absorptive capacity: Walking a tightrope. European Management Review, 22, 619–639. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12667

De Andrés-Sánchez, J., & Gené-Albesa, J. (2024). Drivers and necessary conditions for chatbot acceptance in the insurance industry. Analysis of policyholders’ and professionals’ perspectives. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 35, 189–216. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2024.2435118

De Sousa, T. M. F., Bizarrias, F. S., Raposo, L. L., & Cruz, D. L. da. (in press). When AI becomes afterlife: Psychological factors driving acceptance of thanabots services. Journal of Services Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2025-0052

De Vries, J., De Koster, R., Rijsdijk, S., & Roy, D. (2017). Determinants of safe and productive truck driving: Empirical evidence from long-haul cargo transport. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 97, 113–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2016.11.003

Dechaume, M., Mercier, M., Feybesse, C., Lubart, T., Chouvelon, G., Kermarrec, S., & Tordjman, S. (2024). Is intelligence necessary and sufficient for creativity? An analysis of convergent and divergent thinking. Learning and Individual Differences, 116, 102575. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102575

Deist, M. K., McDowell, W. C., & Bouncken, R. B. (2023). Digital units and digital innovation: Balancing fluidity and stability for the creation, conversion, and dissemination of sticky knowledge. Journal of Business Research, 161, 113827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113827

Del Sordo, E., & Zattoni, A. (2025). The role of employee ownership, financial participation, and decision‐making in corporate governance: A multilevel review and research agenda. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 33(3), 529–549. https://doi.org/10.1111/corg.12614

Delgosha, M. S., Saheb, T., & Hajiheydari, N. (2021). Modelling the asymmetrical relationships between digitalisation and sustainable competitiveness: A cross-country configurational analysis. Information Systems Frontiers, 23, 1317–1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-020-10029-0

Della Corte, V., Aria, M., Del Gaudio, G., Barney, J. B., Cobanoglu, C., & Sepe, F. (2021). The relevance of relational capabilities in collaborative decisions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(12), 4391–4417. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-01-2021-0037

Delladio, S., Caputo, A., Magrini, A., & Pellegrini, M. M. (2023). Italian entrepreneurial decision-making under lockdown: The path to resilience. Management Decision, 61(13), 272–294. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2022-1746

Deng, Q., Zhuang, G., Li, S., & Yang, H. (2022). A configurational analysis of cross-channel integration. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 122(7), 1686–1706. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-06-2021-0388

Deprins, D., Simar, L., & Tulkens, H. (1984). Measuring labor-efficiency in post offices. In M. Marchand, P. Pestieau, & H. Tulkens (Eds.), The performance of public enterprises: Concepts and measurement (pp. 243–267). North-Holland. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-0-387-25534-7_16

Díez-de-Castro, E., Vázquez-Sánchez, A., & Agustí-Pérez, M. (in press). Legitimacy of mature microenterprises: essential dimensions for their stability and growth. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-01-2025-0031

Dijkstra, T. K., & Henseler, J. (2015). Consistent partial least squares path modeling. MIS Quarterly, 39(2), 297–316. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26628355

Ding, H. (2022). What kinds of countries have better innovation performance?–a country-level fsQCA and NCA study. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(4), 100215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100215

Ding, H., & Kuvaas, B. (2023). Using necessary condition analysis in managerial psychology research: Introduction, empirical demonstration and methodological discussion. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 38(4), 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2022-0637

Ding, H., & Kuvaas, B. (2025). Exploring the necessary roles of basic psychological needs at work: A necessary condition analysis. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 98(1), e70012. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.70012

Ding, X., Wang, L., & Tan, Y. (2026). Influence pathways of village livelihood capital on the idle homesteads reuse. Land Use Policy, 160, 107834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2025.107834

Dinh, E., Mühlbacher, H., & Torchia, M. (2024). Necessary perceptions of family values and luxury characteristics for brand luxuriousness: Evidence from luxury watch brands. Journal of Brand Management, 31(1), 58–78. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41262-023-00336-7

Dionisio, E. A., Inacio Junior, E., Morini, C., & Carvalho, R. de Q. (2023). Identifying necessary conditions to deep-tech entrepreneurship. RAUSP Management Journal, 58, 162–185. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-09-2022-0203

Do Prado, N. B., & De Moraes, G. H. S. M. (2024). An inquiry into the linkages between entrepreneurial perspectives and sustainable value creation in knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 50, 2076–2105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-024-10167-6

Do, T. Q., Tho, N. D., & Le, N.-H. (2025). Learning generatively to facilitate marketing innovation of international joint ventures in emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 20, 3955–3976. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-02-2023-0171

Dong, Z., Jiang, P., Dai, Z., & Chi, R. (2024). What kind of urban brand ecology attracts talent best? Grey configuration analysis of 98 Chinese cities. Grey Systems: Theory and Application, 14(4), 770–788. https://doi.org/10.1108/GS-03-2024-0035

Dos Santos Leite Gonella, J., Filho, M. G., Ganga, G. M. D., & Lizarelli, F. L. (2024). From awareness to action: Understanding the relationship between circular economy and favourable evaluation towards sustainable development. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(8), 8679–8694. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3934

Dou, Y., Hou, W., Yan, X., Jin, X., & Li, P. (2024). Optimizing policy mixes for promoting prefabricated construction in developing countries: An fsQCA approach. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 33, 810–831. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-04-2024-0525

Du, Y., Kim, P. H., Fan, D., & Su, Y. (2025). Zooming in and out for strategic advantage: Slack configurations and R&D investments in high-growth firms. Journal of Business Research, 201, 115729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115729

Duan, X., Si, H., & Xia, X. (2025). Understanding the non-users acceptability of autonomous vehicle hailing services using SEM-ANN-NCA approach. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 110, 211–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.02.018

Duan, X., & Xiang, P. (2025). Exploring public acceptability of Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS): A complementary dual-stage SEM-NCA perspective. Transport Policy, 174, 103847. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103847

Duarte, P., Meneses, R., Silva, S. C., & Tharakan, R. R. (2025). Cultural contrasts in vegan food choice: A multi-methods comparative analysis of consumption values in Portugal and India. International Journal of Gastronomy and Food Science, 42, 101310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgfs.2025.101310

Dul, J. (2016a). Identifying single necessary conditions with NCA and fsQCA. Journal of Business Research, 69(4), 1516–1523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2015.10.134

Dul, J. (2016b). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Logic and methodology of “necessary but not sufficient” causality. Organizational Research Methods, 19(1), 10–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428115584005

Dul, J. (2020). Conducting Necessary Condition Analysis. Sage. https://uk.sagepub.com/en-gb/eur/conducting-necessary-condition-analysis-for-business-and-management-students/book262898

Dul, J. (2021). Advances in Necessary Condition Analysis. online book. https://bookdown.org/ncabook/advanced_nca2/

Dul, J. (2022). Problematic applications of Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) in tourism and hospitality research. Tourism Management, 93, 104616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2022.104616

Dul, J. (2024a). A different causal perspective with Necessary Condition Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 177, 114618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.114618

Dul, J. (2024b). How to sample in Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA). European Journal of International Management, 23(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2024.138446

Dul, J. (2025). Identifying the perfect predictor of absence of disease: A shift toward necessary condition analysis in evidence-based medicine? In Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (pp. S0890–8567). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.020

Dul, J. (2027). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA): Principles and Application. Chapman & Hall/CRC Press. https://www.routledge.com/Necessary-Condition-Analysis-NCA-Principles-and-Application/Dul/p/book/9781032554471

Dul, J., & Buijs, G. (2026). NCA (Version 5.0.2) [Computer software]. The Comprehensive R Archive Network. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/NCA/index.html

Dul, J., & Hak, T. (2008). Case Study Methodology in Business Research. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Case-Study-Methodology-in-Business-Research/Dul-Hak/p/book/9780750681964

Dul, J., Hak, T., Goertz, G., & Voss, C. (2010). Necessary condition hypotheses in operations management. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 30(11), 1170–1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443571011087378

Dul, J., Hauff, S., & Bouncken, R. B. (2023). Necessary C"ondition Analysis (NCA): Review of research topics and guidelines for good practice. Review of Managerial Science, 17, 683–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00628-x

Dul, J., Hauff, S., & Tóth, Z. (2021). Necessary Condition Analysis in marketing research. In R. Nunkoo, V. Teeroovengadum, & C. Ringle (Eds.), Handbook of research methods for marketing management (pp. 51–72). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-research-methods-for-marketing-management-9781788976947.html

Dul, J., Karwowski, M., & Kaufman, J. C. (2020). Necessary Condition Analysis in creativity research. In V. Dörfler & M. Stierand (Eds.), Handbook of research methods on creativity (pp. 351–368). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://www.e-elgar.com/shop/gbp/handbook-of-research-methods-on-creativity-9781786439642.html

Dul, J., Laan, E. van der, Kuik, R., & Karwowski, M. (2019). Necessary condition analysis: Type i error, power, and over-interpretation of test results. A reply to a comment on NCA. Commentary: Predicting the significance of necessity. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 1493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01493

Dul, J., Raaij, E. van, & Caputo, A. (2024). Advancing scientific inquiry through data reuse: Necessary Condition Analysis with archival data. Strategic Change, 33(1), 35–40. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsc.2562

Dul, J., Van der Laan, E., & Kuik, R. (2020). A statistical significance test for Necessary Condition Analysis. Organizational Research Methods, 23(2), 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428118795272

Dul, J., Vis, B., & Goertz, G. (2021). Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) does exactly what it should do when applied properly: A reply to a comment on NCA. Sociological Methods & Research, 50(2), 926–936. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124118799383

Dutta, D. S., Thomas, A., Shiva, A., Papa, A., & Cuomo, M. T. (2024). The hustle behind knowledge: Role of workplace ostracism and knowledge hiding towards quiet quitting in knowledge-intensive organisations. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(10), 2911–2939. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2024-0035

Eccarius, T., & Chen, C.-F. (2024). Examining trust as a critical factor for the adoption of electric vehicle sharing via necessary condition analysis. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 208, 123681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2024.123681

Eggers, F., Risselada, H., Niemand, T., & Robledo, S. (2022). Referral campaigns for software startups: The impact of network characteristics on product adoption. Journal of Business Research, 145, 309–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.03.007

Einstein, A. (1934). On the method of theoretical physics. Philosophy of Science, 1(2), 163–169. https://doi.org/10.1086/286316

El Manzani, Y., & El Idrissi, M. (in press). Big data analytics capabilities and green innovation: A meta-analysis and necessary condition analysis. Management Review Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-025-00530-8

Emmenegger, P. (2011). Job security regulations in Western democracies: A fuzzy set analysis. European Journal of Political Research, 50(3), 336–364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01933.x

Erdmann, A., & Toro-Dupouy, L. (2025). The influence of the institutional environment on AI adoption in universities: Identifying value drivers and necessary conditions. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28, 4365–4398. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-04-2024-0407

Escadas, M., Jalali, M. S., Septianto, F., & Farhangmehr, M. (2024). Are emotions essential for consumer ethical decision‐making: A necessary condition analysis. Business Ethics, the Environment & Responsibility, 33(3), 468–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12619

Faiella, A., Zielińska, A., Karwowski, M., & Corazza, G. E. (2025). Am I still creative? The effect of artificial intelligence on creative self-beliefs. The Journal of Creative Behavior, 59. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocb.70011

Fainshmidt, S., Witt, M. A., Aguilera, R. V., & Verbeke, A. (2020). The contributions of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(4), 455–466. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-020-00313-1

Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Han, H., Jarumaneerat, T., & Kim, J. J. (2024). Marine tourism and environmental preservation: Determinants of tourists’ ecofriendly behavior and promotion through word-of-mouth. Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 29(7), 769–789. https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2024.2350411

Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Han, H., & Jin, M. (2025). Customer word-of-mouth for generative AI: Innovation and adoption in hospitality and tourism. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 126, 104070. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.104070

Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Han, H., & Jin, M. (in press). Exploring the drivers of hospitality and tourism customer loyalty for generative artificial intelligence (AI): A multi-analytic approach. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2500726

Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Jin, M., Han, H., & Kim, J. J. (in press). Data vulnerability and privacy risk among hotel guests who share personal data. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667241276213

Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Lee, S.-M., & Han, H. (2024). Investigating the formation of ethical animal-related tourism behaviors: A self-interest and pro-social theoretic approach. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 49, 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480241229237

Farmaki, A., Pappas, N., Stergiou, D., Apostolakis, A., & Camilleri, M. A. (in press). Green accommodation choices in the sharing economy. Tourism Review. https://doi.org/10.1108/tr-05-2025-0497

Fiss, P. C. (2011). Building better causal theories: A fuzzy set approach to typologies in organization research. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 393–420. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.60263120

Foroughi, B., Huy, T. Q., Iranmanesh, M., Ghobakhloo, M., Rejeb, A., & Nikbin, D. (2024). Why users continue e-commerce chatbots? Insights from PLS-fsQCA-NCA approach. The Service Industries Journal, 45, 935–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2024.2371910

Franke, H., & Foerstl, K. (2020). Goals, conflict, politics, and performance of cross-functional sourcing teams—results from a social team experiment. Journal of Business Logistics, 41(1), 6–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.12225

Frazier, M. L., Fainshmidt, S., Klinger, R. L., Pezeshkan, A., & Vracheva, V. (2017). Psychological safety: A meta-analytic review and extension. Personnel Psychology, 70(1), 113–165. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12183

Fredrich, V., Bouncken, R. B., & Kraus, S. (2019). The race is on: Configurations of absorptive capacity, interdependence and slack resources for interorganizational learning in coopetition alliances. Journal of Business Research, 101, 862–868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.11.038

Fredrich, V., Bouncken, R. B., & Tiberius, V. (2022). Dyadic business model convergence or divergence in alliances?–a configurational approach. Journal of Business Research, 153, 300–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.08.046

Frezatti, F., Mucci, D. M., & Bido, D. de S. (2022). Structure of planning and control artifacts and their accuracy in Brazilian family businesses. BAR-Brazilian Administration Review, 19(3). https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2022210080

Frommeyer, B., Wagner, E., Hossiep, C. R., & Schewe, G. (2022). The utility of intention as a proxy for sustainable buying behavior – a necessary condition analysis. Journal of Business Research, 143, 201–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.041

Fu, S., Hu, X., Zhang, C., & Li, Z. (2025). A study on the influence of production and environmental information transparency on online consumers’ purchase intention of green agricultural products. British Food Journal, 127, 1461–1479. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2024-0889

Fujita, T., & Kusano, H. (2020). Denial or history? Yasukuni visits as signaling. Journal of East Asian Studies, 20(2), 291–316. https://doi.org/10.1017/jea.2020.2

Gabay-Mariani, L., Bastian, B., Caputo, A., & Pappas, N. (2024). Hidden stories and the dark side of entrepreneurial commitment. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(6), 1553–1575. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-03-2023-0248

Galindo-Martin, M.-A., Mendez-Picazo, M.-T., & Perez-Pujol, R.-. S. (2025). Open innovation and sustainable development: A micro and macroeconomic analysis using a mixed method research with PLS-SEM-NCA and Delphi. International Journal of Information Management, 82, 102874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102874

Galton, F. (1886). Regression towards mediocrity in hereditary stature. The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, 15, 246–263. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2841583

Gangakhedkar, R., & Khan, M. (2025). Antecedents of electricity saving intentions and behaviour of generation Y and Z of India – a combined use of structural equation modeling and necessary condition analysis. Energy Efficiency, 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12053-025-10349-7

Gans, J., & Stern, S. (2003). Assessing australia’s innovative capacity on the 21st century [Report]. Intellectual Property Research Institute of Australia (IPRIA). https://melbourneinstitute.unimelb.edu.au/outlook/assets/2003/JoshuaGans.pdf

Gantert, T. M., Fredrich, V., Bouncken, R. B., & Kraus, S. (2022). The moral foundations of makerspaces as unconventional sources of innovation: A study of narratives and performance. Journal of Business Research, 139, 1564–1574. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.10.076

Gao, L., Luo, X., Wang, Y., Zhang, N., & Deng, X. (2024). Retention in challenging international construction assignments: Role of expatriate resilience. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 150(2), 04023158. https://doi.org/10.1061/JCEMD4.COENG-13760

Gao, X., Wang, X., Sethanan, K., & Tseng, M.-L. (in press). Low-carbon transformation path in energy-intensive industries in China: A multilevel perspective and configuration effects. Journal of Industrial and Production Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/21681015.2025.2558709

Garg, A., Wadhwa, D., Gomes, N. M., & Sahasrabudhe, S. (in press). Effects of intervention implemented in MOOC discussion forums: contributing factors and participation analysis. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13754-8

Garg, N. (2017). Workplace spirituality and employee well-being: An empirical exploration. Journal of Human Values, 23(2), 129–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971685816689741

Garg, N. (2020a). Exploring role of gratitude in developing teacher leadership in Indian universities. International Journal of Educational Management, 34(5), 881–901. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2019-0253

Garg, N. (2020b). Promoting organizational performance in Indian insurance industry: The roles of workplace spirituality and organizational citizenship behaviour. Global Business Review, 21(3), 834–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150918778983

Garg, N., Punia, B. K., & Jain, A. (2019). Exploring high performance work practices as necessary condition of HR outcomes. Paradigm: A Management Research Journal, 23(2), 130–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971890719859456

Garg, N., & Sarkar, A. (2020). Vitality among university students: Exploring the role of gratitude and resilience. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 7(3), 321–337. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-03-2020-0041

Garg, S., Ahmad, A., & Madsen, D. Ø. (2025). Understanding behavioral intentions in E-waste management: A combined PLS-SEM, NCA, and IPMA approach. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 19, 100348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2025.100348

Gauss, C. (1809). Theoria motus. English translation (1963): Theory of the motion of the heavenly bodies about the sun in the conic sections. Dover, New York.

Gavín-Chocano, Ó., García-Martínez, I., & De La Rosa, A. L. (2024). Self-regulated learning as an inherent factor of academic self-concept in university students. Current Psychology, 43(34), 27469–27480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06352-3

Gavín-Chocano, Ó., Luque de la Rosa, A., & García-Martínez, I. (2025). Análisis de las condiciones necesarias de los estados de ánimo para el desarrollo de estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios – Analysis of the necessary conditions of mood states for the development of learning strategies in university students. Psychology, Society & Education, 17, 42–53. https://doi.org/10.21071/pse.v17i3.18117

Glück, J., & Scherpf, A. (2022). Intelligence and wisdom: Age-related differences and nonlinear relationships. Psychology and Aging, 37, 649–666. https://doi.org/10.1037/pag0000692

Glück, J., Weststrate, N. M., & Scherpf, A. (2022). Looking beyond linear: A closer examination of the relationship between wisdom and wellbeing. Journal of Happiness Studies, 23, 3285–3313. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-022-00540-3

Goertz, G., Hak, T., & Dul, J. (2013). Ceilings and floors: Where are there no observations? Sociological Methods & Research, 42(1), 3–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124112460375

Goertz, G., & Mahoney, J. (2012). A tale of two cultures: Qualitative and quantitative research in the social sciences. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691149707/a-tale-of-two-cultures

Goldstein, S. (2012). Typicality and notions of probability in physics. Probability in Physics, 59–71. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-21329-8_4

Golini, R., Deflorin, P., & Scherrer, M. (2016). Exploiting the potential of manufacturing network embeddedness: An OM perspective. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 36(12), 1741–1768. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-11-2014-0559

Gollagari, R., Birega, T., & Mishra, S. S. (2024). Organizational justice, job satisfaction and academic rank: A moderating mediation study on employee commitment in Ethiopian public universities. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2023-0047

Gomes, G., Tontini, G., & Picolo, J. D. (2025). Unveiling the drivers of customer satisfaction and loyalty in cinema theatres: Integrating sufficiency and necessity perspectives. International Journal of Services and Operations Management, 1(1), 10060830. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSOM.2023.10060830

Gómez-Gómez, C., Bustos-Gutierrez, M., Díaz Tautiva, J. A., & Quezada-Baier, C. (2025). Unseen barriers, unspoken limits: A necessary condition analysis of women’s career advancement. Gender Issues, 42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12147-025-09380-w

Gong, Y., Wu, Z., Tan, Y., He, X., & Lin, L. (in press). Antecedents of consumers’ approach behavior in e-commerce information encountering: A configuration analysis. Electronic Commerce Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-025-10065-5

Gong, Z., Wang, Y., & Li, M. (2024). Determining the drivers of global innovation under COVID-19: An fsQCA approach. PLOS ONE, 19(2), e0295403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295403

Gordon, J. A., Balta-Ozkan, N., Haq, A. U., & Nabavi, S. A. (2024a). Heterogeneous preferences for living in a hydrogen home: An advanced multigroup analysis. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 8(12), 2601–2648. https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE00392F

Gordon, J. A., Balta-Ozkan, N., Haq, A. U., & Nabavi, S. A. (2025). Fuelling hydrogen futures? A trust-based model of social acceptance. Sustainable Energy & Fuels, 9, 2510–2555. https://doi.org/10.1039/d4se01615g

Gordon, J. A., Balta-Ozkan, N., Haq, A., & Nabavi, S. A. (2024b). Necessary and sufficient conditions for deploying hydrogen homes: A consumer-oriented perspective. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 69, 982–1021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.04.352

Gorgievski, M. J., Bakker, A. B., Petrou, P., & Gawke, J. C. L. (2023). Antecedents of employee intrapreneurship in the public sector: A proactive motivation approach. International Public Management Journal, 26(6), 852–873. https://doi.org/10.1080/10967494.2023.2255172

Greckhamer, T. (2016). CEO compensation in relation to worker compensation across countries: The configurational impact of country-level institutions. Strategic Management Journal, 37(4), 793–815. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2370

Greco, A. M., Guilera, G., Maldonado-Murciano, L., Gómez-Benito, J., & Barrios, M. (2022). Proposing necessary but not sufficient conditions analysis as a complement of traditional effect size measures with an illustrative example. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9402. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159402

Greene, W. H. (2012). Econometric analysis. 7th. edition. Pearson Education India.

Greenland, S., & Robins, J. M. (1986). Identifiability, exchangeability, and epidemiological confounding. International Journal of Epidemiology, 15(3), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/15.3.413

Greenland, S., Senn, S. J., Rothman, K. J., Carlin, J. B., Poole, C., Goodman, S. N., & Altman, D. G. (2016). Statistical tests, p values, confidence intervals, and power: A guide to misinterpretations. European Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0149-3

Gu, J., Wu, C., Wu, X., He, R., Tao, J., Ye, W., Wu, P., Hao, M., & Qiu, W. (2022). Configurations for positive public behaviors in response to the COVID-19 pandemic: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. BMC Public Health, 22, 1692. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14097-6

Guenther, P., Guenther, M., Ringle, C. M., Zaefarian, G., & Cartwright, S. (2023). Improving PLS-SEM use for business marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.010

Guevara, M., Medina-Molina, C., Pérez-Macías, N., & Fabra Florit, M. E. (2025). In the face of difficulty: planning? Identifying the causes of success in project management from a multilevel perspective. Quality & Quantity, 59, 2961–2989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02094-x

Guilford, J. P. (1967). The nature of human intelligence. McGraw-Hill. https://www.worldcat.org/title/nature-of-human-intelligence/oclc/204270

Guo, J., Fu, Y., & Sun, X. (2023). Green innovation efficiency and multiple paths of urban sustainable development in China: Multi-configuration analysis based on urban innovation ecosystem. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 12975. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-40084-x

Guo, R., Wang, J., & Li, X. (2025). Intersectional analysis of discrimination on perceived job insecurity among young Chinese women—based on FsQCA method. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09997-7

Gutiérrez-Broncano, S., Rubio-Andrés, M., Linuesa Langreo, J., & Sastre-Castillo, M. A. (2024). Hybrid strategy and its effect on the market performance of family-business SMEs: The mediating role of innovation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 33, 848–878. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2023-4008

Gyensare, M. A., Miri, D., Zahoor, N., & Alajaty, M. (2024). Aspiring to go abroad: How and when international entrepreneurial aspiration fuel emerging markets entrepreneurial ventures’ internationalisation speed. Journal of International Management, 30(2), 101130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2024.101130

Han, G., & Zhang, Z. (2022). Regional innovation paths selection in complex environments of China: A configurational perspective. Managerial and Decision Economics, 43(6), 2596–2606. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.3548

Harding, D. J., Fox, C., & Mehta, J. D. (2002). Studying rare events through qualitative case studies: Lessons from a study of rampage school shootings. Sociological Methods & Research, 31(2), 174–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124102031002003

Harun, M. D., Hogset, H., & Mwesiumo, D. (2023). Dynamic capabilities and sustainability performance: Exploring the moderating role of environmental dynamism in the Norwegian fishing industry. Sustainable Development, 31(4), 2636–2655. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.2536

Harun, M., Salema, G., & Matto, M. (2025). Achieving desired compliance performance in public procurement: Does embedding a culture of performance orientation matter? Future Business Journal, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00444-7

Hassan, M. S., Mai, N. H., Wahab, N. S. A., Amin, M. B., Hassan, M. M., & Oláh, J. (2025). Decentralized fintech platforms adoption intention in cyber risk environment among GenZ: A dual-method approach using PLS-SEM and necessary condition analysis. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 18, 100687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100687

Hasselwander, M. (2025). Who wants to use transport super apps? Insights from combined PLS-SEM and NCA methods. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 113, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2025.04.018

Hasselwander, M., Sunio, V., Lah, O., & Mogaji, E. (2026). Toward agentic AI: User acceptance of a deeply personalized AI super assistant (AISA). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 89, 104620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104620

Hauff, S. (2021). Analytical strategies in HRM systems research: A comparative analysis and some recommendations. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(9), 1923–1952. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2018.1547779

Hauff, S., Guerci, M., Dul, J., & Rhee, H. van. (2021). Exploring necessary conditions in HRM research: Fundamental issues and methodological implications. Human Resource Management Journal, 31(1), 18–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12231

Hauff, S., Richter, N. F., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). Importance and performance in PLS-SEM and NCA: Introducing the combined importance-performance map analysis (cIPMA). Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 78, 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103723

Hausknecht, J. P., Hiller, N. J., & Vance, R. J. (2008). Work-unit absenteeism: Effects of satisfaction, commitment, labor market conditions, and time. Academy of Management Journal, 51(6), 1223–1245. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40390270

Haverila, M., Twyford, J. C., McLaughlin, C., & Arora, M. (in press). Personnel capabilities and the quality of big data marketing analytics (BDMA). Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-10-2024-2285

Hayat, N., Salameh, A. A., Malik, H. A., & Yaacob, M. R. (2022). Exploring the adoption of wearable healthcare devices among the Pakistani adults with dual analysis techniques. Technology in Society, 70, 102015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102015

He, L., & Ismail, K. (2023). Do staff capacity and performance-based budgeting improve organisational performance? Empirical evidence from Chinese public universities. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(29), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-01523-2

He, Y., Cheng, C., & Wang, L. (2025). Unmasking the effects of E-leadership on virtual team effectiveness by an integrated fsQCA and NCA method. PLOS ONE, 20, e0331500. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0331500

He, Z., Chen, M., & Gu, D. (2025). How digital village construction affects to the effectiveness of rural governance? — research on the NCA and QCA methods. Cities, 156, 105514. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105514

Helinski, C., Westmattelmann, D., & Schewe, G. (2025). Necessary and sufficient values: A dual perspective on consumers’ willingness to pay premiums and purchase intentions for circular fashion. Journal of Cleaner Production, 512, 145220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145220

Hermans, M., Borda, A., Newburry, W., Cordova Chea, C. O., Finchelstein, D., Gonzalez-Perez, M. A., Montoya-Bayardo, M. A., Velasco, G., & Velez-Ocampo, J. (2024). Becoming a Multilatina: strategic capabilities as necessary conditions for the internationalization of Latin American firms. European Business Review, 36(1), 50–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-02-2023-0040

Hernaus, T., & Černe, M. (2022). From the editors: The importance of data in research – best practices regarding data collection, processing and visualization. Dynamic Relationships Management Journal, 11(2). http://sam-d.si/wp-content/uploads/2022/12/Editorial.pdf

Hernaus, T., Dragičević, N., & Hauff, S. (2024). The necessity of job design for employee creativity and innovation: Nothing happens without supervisor support. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 33, 583–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2024.2348772

Hoeffding, W. (1952). The large-sample power of tests based on permutations of observations. The Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 169–192. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2236445

Höfer, T., Przyrembel, H., & Verleger, S. (2004). New evidence for the theory of the stork. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 18(1), 88–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3016.2003.00534.x

Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture’s consequences: International differences in work-related values. Sage Publications. https://geerthofstede.com/culture-geert-hofstede-gert-jan-hofstede/6d-model-of-national-culture/

Hollenbeck, J. R., & Wright, P. M. (2017). Harking, sharking, and tharking: Making the case for post hoc analysis of scientific data. Journal of Management, 43(1), 5–18. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316679487

Holtrop, J. S., Mullen, R., Curcija, K., Rubinson, C., Westfall, J. M., Nease Jr, D. E., & Zittleman, L. (2024). Increasing medication assisted treatment in rural primary care practice: A qualitative comparative analysis from IT MATTTRs Colorado. Frontiers in Medicine, 11, 1450672. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1450672

Horvatinović, T., Mikic, M., & Dabić, M. (2024). The meeting points of team entrepreneurial passion, transactive memory systems and team performance: Examining mediation and necessity effects. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(5), 1177–1196. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEBR-04-2023-0383

Hu, S., Jie, Y., & Zhu, S. (in press). Digitalization and configurational effects on regional income inequality: Analysis of panel data from 134 economies. Technological and Economic Development of Economy. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2025.23950

Huang, L., Huang, Y., Rong, Z., & Xie, G. (2026). Knowledge and drivers of rural e-commerce entrepreneurial vibrancy: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis study. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 12, 100911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100911

Huang, R., Wu, Y., Li, B., & Zhang, M. (in press). What configuration paths lead to a high utilization level of open government data (OGD) portals? Aslib Journal of Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ajim-07-2024-0544

Huang, S., Ding, G., & Long, T. (2026). Exploring the synergistic effects of the effectiveness of carbon governance policy instruments. Journal of Cleaner Production, 538, 147215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147215

Huang, X., Tung, C.-L., Wang, X., Xu, X., Lam, F.-I., & Zhang, T. (2022a). Configurations of the driving factors promoting China’s commercial health insurance: A comparative qualitative analysis based on the technology–organization–environment framework. Heliyon, 8, e11522. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11522

Huang, X., & Yang, X. (2025). Research on the configuration path of enterprise data asset value realization: An empirical analysis based on NCA and fsQCA. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 125, 1979–2000. https://doi.org/10.1108/imds-05-2024-0453

Huang, Y., & Bu, Y. (2023). Institutional environment and college students’ entrepreneurial willingness: A comparative study of Chinese provinces based on fsQCA. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(1), 100307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100307

Huang, Y., Bu, Y., & Li, P. (in press). Pathways to prosperity: A configurational analysis of national entrepreneurship. Small Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-025-01114-2

Huang, Y., Jiang, Y., & Hou, X. (2025). Multiple paths connecting poverty alleviation and rural revitalization from the perspective of functional configuration: An fsQCA analysis. Sage Open, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251385411

Huang, Y., Li, K., & Li, P. (2023). Innovation ecosystems and national talent competitiveness: A country-based comparison using fsQCA. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 194, 122733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122733

Huang, Y., Li, P., Bu, Y., & Zhao, G. (2023). What entrepreneurial ecosystem elements promote sustainable entrepreneurship? Journal of Cleaner Production, 422, 138459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138459

Huang, Y., Li, P., Chen, L., & Wang, J. (2023). Opportunity or necessity entrepreneurship? A study based on the national system of entrepreneurship. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(4), 100448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100448

Huang, Y., Shuaib, M., Rahman, Md. M., Rahman, M., & Hossain, Md. E. (2024). Natural resources, digital financial inclusion, and good governance nexus with sustainable development: Fuzzy optimization to econometric modeling. Natural Resources Forum, 49, 3763–3788. https://doi.org/10.1111/1477-8947.12549

Huang, Y., Sun, S., Yuan, Y., & Bu, Y. (2025). Pathways to high corporate environmental responsibility: A fuzzy‐set and necessary condition analysis. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 33, 534–546. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.70192

Huang, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, Y., & Bu, Y. (2024). How can digital innovation capabilities of Chinese college students be cultivated? The International Journal of Management Education, 22(3), 101085. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2024.101085

Huang, Y., Zhang, J., Xu, Y., Yuan, Y., Zhang, M., & Huang, L. (2025). Digital entrepreneurial ecosystem and female entrepreneurial activity. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04345-y

Huang, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, J., Li, P., & Li, K. (2022b). Psychological cognition and women’s entrepreneurship: A country-based comparison using fsQCA. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 7(3), 100223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2022.100223

Huang, Z., & Wu, Q. (2025). The critical factors in the innovation of Chinese urban AI technology: A necessary condition analysis. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 37, 3732–3744. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2024.2420618

Hui, G., Al Mamun, A., Masukujjaman, M., Makhbul, Z. K. M., & Ali, M. H. (2024). The relationship between mass customization and sustainable performance: The role of firm size and global e-commerce. Heliyon, 10(6), e27726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27726

Hulme, M. P. (2026). War and responsibility. American Political Science Review, 120, 267–290. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003055425000206

Hume, D. (1756). Essays and treatises on several subjects. Volume 2, third edition. London: A. Millar.

Hussain, K., Wong, P. P. W., Stephenson, M. L., & Chong, K. L. (in press). The impact of social media influencers on viewers’ inspiration towards tourism destinations and revisit intention: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2571436

Ibrahimi, Q., Berisha, G., Krasniqi, B., & Ramosaj, B. (2024). Behaving with style: Investigating the influence of decision-making styles on the innovative work behavior of managers. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 12, 939–960. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-01-2024-0031

Inacio Junior, E., Dionisio, E. A., & Gimenez, F. A. P. (2024). Entrepreneurial ecosystem patterns and its determinants and outputs: A necessary condition analysis to the Brazilian entrepreneurial cities. Journal of Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies, 17, 418–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEEE-07-2023-0316

İnce, F., & Orhan, G. (in press). Proposing a novel combined passenger satisfaction measurement model. Kybernetes. https://doi.org/10.1108/k-07-2024-1941

İnce, F., Şahin, İ. E., & Akbiyik, T. (2025). Uncovering non-substitutable value-for-money drivers in Skytrax top airlines: A MEREC-CoCoSo-NCA benchmarking framework. DECISION, 52, 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40622-025-00449-9

İnce, F., Şahin, İ. E., & Durmaz, V. (in press). What today’s airline passengers expect from airports in developed cities: A trilateral integrated approach. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhti-01-2025-0098

Indihar Štemberger, M., Bosilj Vuksic, V., Morelli, F., & Jaklič, J. (2024). Exploring the role of new and enhanced BPM capabilities in customer experience management: Does BPM matter? Business Process Management Journal, 30(8), 120–143. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-10-2023-0838

Islam, M., Rahman, Md. M., Taher, Md. A., Quaosar, G. M. A. A., & Uddin, Md. A. (2024). Using artificial intelligence for hiring talents in a moderated mechanism. Future Business Journal, 10(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-024-00303-x

Ismael, O. A., Ibrahim, Z. K., Abdulmuhsin, A. A., Khan, S. T., Rehman, S. U., & Alkhwaldi, A. F. (in press). Robotic quality, lean leadership and sustainability healthcare: A multilevel investigative study using NCA perspective. Journal of Health Organization and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhom-02-2025-0088

Jada, U. R., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2019). Understanding the effects of empowering, transformational and ethical leadership on promotive and prohibitive voice: A moderated mediated examination. Personnel Review, 48(3), 707–730. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2017-0365

Jain, N. K., Bhaskar, K., & Jain, S. (2022). What drives adoption intention of electric vehicles in India? An integrated UTAUT model with environmental concerns, perceived risk and government support. Research in Transportation Business & Management, 100730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rtbm.2021.100730

Jain, N. K., Chakraborty, K., & Choudhary, P. (2024). Building supply chain resilience through industry 4.0 base technologies: Role of supply chain visibility and environmental dynamism. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 39(8), 1750–1763. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-09-2023-0550

Jain, N. K., Kaushik, K., & Sharma, A. (2023). What drives customers towards proximity payment services? An integrated theory of planned behaviour perspective. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(3), 1095–1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12890

Jaiswal, M., & Zane, L. (2022a). National culture and attitudes’ impact on diffusion of sustainable new technology-based products. New England Journal of Entrepreneurship, 25(1), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/NEJE-09-2021-0059

Jaiswal, M., & Zane, L. J. (2022b). Drivers of sustainable new technology diffusion in national markets: The case of electric vehicles. Thunderbird International Business Review, 64(1), 25–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.22243

Jankowska, D. M., & Karwowski, M. (2023). How vivid is your mental imagery? Validation of the vividness of visual imagery questionnaire in five Polish samples. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 39, 437–448. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000721

Ji, S., & Li, K. (2025). What factors promote Chinese English preservice teachers’ development of digital literacy of teachers? A combination of SEM and NCA approaches. Teaching and Teacher Education, 168, 105227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2025.105227

Jiang, J., & Wang, C. (2024). Pathways to tourism eco-efficiency: Fresh insights from a configuration perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 28, 3865–3885. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2406413

Jiang, Y., & Huang, Y. (2023). How mumpreneurs achieve high entrepreneurial opportunity recognition and development: Evidence from China. Women’s Studies International Forum, 100, 102804. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102804

Jing, L., Qianqiang, L., Yantai, C., & Qi, A. (2025). How digital transformation facilitates ESG performance to heavy polluting enterprises: A panel fsQCA based on national big data comprehensive pilot zones. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 221, 124366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124366

Jöreskog, K. G. (1970). A general method for estimating a linear structural equation system. ETS Research Bulletin Series, 1970(2), i–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2333-8504.1970.tb00783.x

Jovanovic, J., & Morschett, D. (2022). Under which conditions do manufacturing companies choose FDI for service provision in foreign markets? An investigation using fsQCA. Industrial Marketing Management, 104, 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.03.018

Kakkar, S., Ghulyani, S., Kuril, S., & Chaudhuri, M. (2024). Understanding factors shaping engagement in remote internships: The role of institutional communication, faculty support and intern cynicism. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(4), 1219–1240. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2023-0378

Kang, S., & Shang, Y. (2026). How does digital-real integration ignite urban entrepreneurship: Unpacking innovation’s complex mediation role. Technology in Society, 84, 103106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103106

Karwowski, M., Dul, J., Gralewski, J., Jauk, E., Jankowska, D. M., Gajda, A., Chruszczewski, M. H., & Benedek, M. (2016). Is creativity without intelligence possible? A necessary condition analysis. Intelligence, 57, 105–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2016.04.006

Karwowski, M., Jankowska, D. M., Brzeski, A., Czerwonka, M., Gajda, A., Lebuda, I., & Beghetto, R. A. (2020). Delving into creativity and learning. Creativity Research Journal, 32(1), 4–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/10400419.2020.1712165

Karwowski, M., Kaufman, J. C., Lebuda, I., Szumski, G., & Firkowska-Mankiewicz, A. (2017). Intelligence in childhood and creative achievements in middle-age: The necessary condition approach. Intelligence, 64, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2017.07.001

Kashive, N., & Raina, B. (in press). Digital leadership competencies and emotional intelligence for digital well-being: Examining through PLS-SEM and NCA. International Journal of Organizational Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-03-2025-5330

Katz, J. (2001). Analytic induction. In N. J. Smelser & P. B. Baltes (Eds.), International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral sciences (Vol. 1, pp. 480–484). Elsevier Oxford, UK. https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/00774-9

Kaushik, K., Jain, N. K., & Choudhary, P. (2023). Public opinion about restrictive driving policy: Does political affiliation matter? A case study of odd-even restrictive driving policy in delhi, india. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 12, 100999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2023.100999

Kayser, I., & Gradtke, M. (in press). Unlocking AI acceptance: An integration of NCA and PLS-SEM to analyse the acceptance of ChatGPT. Journal of Decision Systems. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2024.2443231

Kazemzadeh, E., Fuinhas, J. A., Salehnia, N., Koengkan, M., & Silva, N. (2023). Exploring necessary and sufficient conditions for carbon emission intensity: A comparative analysis. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(43), 97319–97338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29260-8

Kazemzadeh, E., Fuinhas, J. A., Salehnia, N., Silva, N., & Radulescu, M. (2024). Revealing the essential and sufficient conditions for the energy consumption diversification. Energy, 313, 133601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133601

Keimasi, M., Giwa, S., Chitsazan, H., & NasirpourOsgoei, S. N. (in press). Typologies of assessment journey experiences: Understanding what works for whom in block teaching through the lens of a 3D framework. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2025.2573090

Kellberg, S., Keller, M., Nordine, J., Moser, S., & Lewalter, D. (2024). Energy literacy for all? Exploring whether prior interest and energy knowledge mediate energy literacy development in a modern socio-scientific museum exhibition. International Journal of Science Education, Part B, 15, 161–182. https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2024.2344129

Kennedy, F. E. (1995). Randomization tests in econometrics. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 13(1), 85–94. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1392523

Kerwin, T., Hittle, B., Stredney, D., De Boeck, P., & Wiet, G. (2018). Cross-institutional evaluation of a mastoidectomy assessment instrument. Journal of Surgical Education, 75(3), 678–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.10.006

Khan, T. H., Ali, S., Xiaobao, P., & Zhiying, L. (2024). Responsive to proactive market orientations: Unleashing the potential of effectuation–causation blending for business model innovation. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 71, 14307–14325. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2024.3403571

Klimas, P., Czakon, W., & Fredrich, V. (2022). Strategy frames in coopetition: An examination of coopetition entry factors in high-tech firms. European Management Journal, 40(2), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2021.04.005

Klimas, P., Sachpazidu, K., & Stańczyk, S. (2023). The attributes of coopetitive relationships: What do we know and not know about them? European Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.02.005

Knol, W. H., Slomp, J., Schouteten, R. L., & Lauche, K. (2018). Implementing lean practices in manufacturing SMEs: Testing “critical success factors” using necessary condition analysis. International Journal of Production Research, 56(11), 3955–3973. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1419583

Knol, W. H., Slomp, J., Schouteten, R. L., & Lauche, K. (2019). The relative importance of improvement routines for implementing lean practices. International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 39(2), 214–237. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOPM-01-2018-0010

Koay, K. Y., Cheah, C. W., & Chang, Y. X. (2022). A model of online food delivery service quality, customer satisfaction and customer loyalty: A combination of PLS-SEM and NCA approaches. British Food Journal, 124(12), 4516–4532. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2021-1169

Koay, K. Y., & Low, S. K. (2025). Understanding the influence of chain coffee shops’ innovativeness on brand loyalty through brand satisfaction: A multi-analytical approach. British Food Journal, 127(8), 2868–2885. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-01-2025-0088

Koay, K. Y., & Ngang, Y. M. (in press). Understanding consumers’ purchase intentions for functional foods from the perspective of the theory of consumption values: A multi-analytical approach. British Food Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2025-1045

Kobarg, S., Stumpf-Wollersheim, J., Schlägel, C., & Welpe, I. M. (2020). Green together? The effects of companies’ innovation collaboration with different partner types on ecological process and product innovation. Industry and Innovation, 27(9), 953–990. https://doi.org/10.1080/13662716.2020.1713733

Koenker, R. (2024). Quantreg: Quantile regression. https://www.r-project.org

Köhler, T., & Cortina, J. M. (2023). Constructive replication, reproducibility, and generalizability: Getting theory testing for JOMSR right. Journal of Management Scientific Reports, 1(2), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/27550311231176016

Kopplin, C. S. (2023a). A configurational view on technology acceptance: The example of highly integrated collaboration platforms. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 27. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v27i0.4043

Kopplin, C. S. (2023b). Chatbots in the workplace: A technology acceptance study applying uses and gratifications in coworking spaces. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 32, 232–257. https://doi.org/10.1080/10919392.2023.2215666

Kopplin, C. S., Gantert, T. M., & Maier, J. V. (2022). Acceptance of matchmaking tools in coworking spaces: An extended perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 16, 1911–1943. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00498-1

Kopplin, C. S., & Rausch, T. M. (2022). Above and beyond meat: The role of consumers’ dietary behavior for the purchase of plant-based food substitutes. Review of Managerial Science, 16, 1335–1364. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-021-00480-x

Kopplin, C. S., & Rösch, S. F. (2021). Equifinal causes of sustainable clothing purchase behavior: An fsQCA analysis among generation Y. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63, 102692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102692

Korman, J. V., Van Quaquebeke, N., & Tröster, C. (2022). Managers are less burned-out at the top: The roles of sense of power and self-efficacy at different hierarchy levels. Journal of Business and Psychology, 37, 151–171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09733-8

Kuik, R., & Dul, J. (2026). Meet the NCA band: Fitting NCA with a ribbon around the necessity ceiling. Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University.

Kumar, D. (2021). Meteorological barriers to bike rental demands: A case of Washington DC using NCA approach. Case Studies on Transport Policy, 9(2), 830–841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2021.04.002

Kumar, S. P., Saha, S., & Anand, A. (2023). A green human resource management approach of participation in decision-making and behavioural outcomes – a moderated mediated model. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(5), 1724–1747. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-09-2021-2954

Kwon, S. P. (2021). Examination of design parameters affecting Nb3Sn CICC current sharing temperature using necessary condition analysis. Superconductor Science and Technology, 34, 085006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ac048f

Kwon, S. P. (2022). Critical bending wavelengths associated with current sharing temperature degradation in multistage twisted Nb3Sn cable CICC. Cryogenics, 121, 103375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103375

Lai, S., Zhang, M., & Su, Z. (in press). Optimizing tourism ecological security: A study based on NCA and fsQCA methods. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-024-05065-8

Lange, D., & Pfarrer, M. D. (2017). Editors’ comments: Sense and structure—the core building blocks of an AMR article. Academy of Management Review, 42(3), 407–416. https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/amr.2016.0225

Lankoski, J., & Lankoski, L. (2023). Environmental sustainability in agriculture: Identification of bottlenecks. Ecological Economics, 204, 107656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107656

Ledesma-Chaves, P., Gil-Cordero, E., & Maldonado-López, B. (in press). Metaverse use intention as a function of psychographic segmentation: The VALS scale applied to tourist behavior. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-07-2024-0382

Lee, J., & Borgonovi, F. (2022). Relationships between family socioeconomic status and mathematics achievement in OECD and Non-OECD Countries. Comparative Education Review, 66(2), 199–227. https://doi.org/10.1086/718930

Lee, W., & Jeong, C. (2020). Beyond the correlation between tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences: Necessary condition analysis. Current Issues in Tourism, 23(17), 2182–2194. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2019.1611747

Lee, W., & Jeong, C. (2021). Distinctive roles of tourist eudaimonic and hedonic experiences on satisfaction and place attachment: Combined use of SEM and necessary condition analysis. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 47, 58–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2021.02.012

Lee, W., & Lu, L. (2023). Good theories predict: Unveiling the untapped potential of “necessity” theorizing. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 49, 219–234. https://doi.org/10.1177/10963480231188666

Lee, W., Park, S., & Jeong, C. (2022). Repositioning risk perception as a necessary condition of travel decision: The case of North Korea tourism. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 52, 252–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2022.07.001

Legendre, A. M. (1805). Nouvelles méthodes la determination des orbites des comètes: Part 1-2: Mit einem supplement. Didot. https://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/legendre2.pdf

Lehmann, E. L., Romano, J. P., & Casella, G. (2005). Testing statistical hypotheses (3rd ed.). Springer. https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9780387988641

Lenth, R. V. (2001). Some practical guidelines for effective sample size determination. The American Statistician, 55(3), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1198/000313001317098149

Li, C., & Larivière, B. (2023). The more extroverted the better? Unraveling the complex relationship between service robots’ personality and the service robot experience. Psychology & Marketing, 40(11), 2370–2386. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21896

Li, C., Sampene, A. K., Khan, A., & Wiredu, J. (2024a). Environmental orientations to innovation ecosystem: The role of green transition, perceived environmental uncertainty and green transformational leadership. Operations Management Research, 18, 48–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12063-024-00527-8

Li, C., Wang, X., & Wang, L. (in pressa). Examining the crucial societal incentive approaches and their impact mechanisms to enhance the purchase intention of carbon-labeled products: A conjoined application of PLS-SEM and NCA methodologies. Energy & Environment, 0958305X241251405. https://doi.org/10.1177/0958305X241251405

Li, D., Yan, H., & Ma, S. (in press). ESG performance drivers and corporate growth: A life-cycle-based fsQCA–PSM study of China’s construction and manufacturing enterprises. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2025.2517911

Li, G., Zhu, M. X., & Kong, S. (in press). The effectiveness of smart knowledge services in libraries in Chinese Mainland: A mixed methods study. The Electronic Library. https://doi.org/10.1108/el-03-2025-0104

Li, J., Du, Y., Sun, N., & Xie, Z. (2024). Ecosystems of doing business and living standards: A configurational analysis based on Chinese cities. Chinese Management Studies, 18(5), 1302–1323. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-04-2022-0139

Li, L., Che, W., Yao, Q., & Cui, Y. (2025). Research on high-quality development path of strategic emerging enterprises enabled by innovation. PLOS ONE, 20, e0328918. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0328918

Li, L., Huang, M., & Yao, Q. (in pressb). How to crack the dilemma of enterprise green transformation?– Analysis of linkage effect based on fsQCA and NCA. Environment, Development and Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10668-025-06438-3

Li, L., Ma, X., Zheng, Y., Ma, S., Zuo, J., & Goodsite, M. (2025). Facilitating urban green innovative efficiency from intergovernmental perspective in China. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08883-6

Li, M., Gong, D., & Song, Y. (2025). Research on multiple paths of transportation system resilience building in digital contexts. Scientific Reports, 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14245-z

Li, R., Niu, Z., Liu, C., & Wu, B. (2024). The co-movement effect of managers’ psychological factors on the BIM adoption decision in SMEs: A study based on fsQCA. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 31(4), 1454–1472. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-08-2022-0721

Li, S., Hu, S., Tong, N., Xie, W., Tong, L., & Hu, S. (2026). How urban resilience shapes residents’ immediate emotions during heatwaves: A panel fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)-based configurational analysis. Sustainable Cities and Society, 136, 107067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.107067

Li, Y., Fan, D., Kumar, V., & Ananthram, S. (2024b). Configuring international growth of emerging market multinational enterprises: A compositional springboarding view in the context of India. Journal of Management Studies, 61(6), 2570–2603. https://doi.org/10.1111/joms.12981

Li, Y., Ma, M., Hao, Z., Xu, F., & Liu, J. (in pressc). What motivates the impulsive travel intentions of Generation Z? A study based on grounded theory and fsQCA. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2469744

Li, Z., Yanrui, W., Fan, Z., Yuqing, Z., & Xu, S. (2025). Government attention, characteristics of officials-in-charge and performance of public pension funds in China: A configuration analysis. China: An International Journal, 23, 44–81. https://doi.org/10.56159/chn.2025.a976472

Liang, C., Wang, S.-J., Foley, M., & Ma, G.-H. (2023). The path selection on improving the quality of environmental information disclosure – configuration analysis based on fsQCA. Applied Economics, 55(19), 2207–2222. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2022.2102134

Liang, S., Li, Y., & Yang, Y. (2025). Is student engagement without classroom social climate possible? A necessary condition analysis. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05910-9

Liao, C.-P., Wu, C.-C., & Chen, C.-C. (in press). Necessary conditions in social media addiction: Identifying key antecedents. Psychological Reports. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941241312314

Liao, Z., Li, W., Al Mamun, A., Tseng, M.-L., & Helmi Ali, M. (2025). SMEs’ capabilities in relation to resilience, reconfiguration, and flexibility in the supply chain: A moderated mediation model. International Journal of Logistics Research and Applications, 28, 2098–2120. https://doi.org/10.1080/13675567.2025.2450365

Liébana-Cabanillas, F., Abbasi, G. A., Higueras-Castillo, E., & Wagner, R. (2025). Press to pay: The power of biometrics in financial transactions investigated by PLS-SEM, fsQCA, and NCA. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 221, 124365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124365

Liehr, J., & Hauff, S. (2022). Must have or nice to have? Necessary leadership competencies to enable employees’ innovative behaviour. International Journal of Innovation Management, 26(10), 2250070. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919622500700

Lim, T.-Y., Leong, C.-M., Lim, L. T.-K., Lim, B. C.-Y., Lim, R. T.-H., & Heng, K.-S. (2023). Young adult tourists’ intentions to visit rural community-based homestays. Young Consumers, 24(5), 540–557. https://doi.org/10.1108/YC-11-2022-1637

Lim, W., Munikrishnan, U. T., Leong, C.-M., Hiew, L.-C., Leong, M.-W., & Yang, L. (2024). Do you want a secure e-wallet? Understanding the role of risk and security in e-wallet continuance intention. Information & Computer Security, 32(3), 304–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/ICS-05-2023-0085

Lima, T. F., Bahli, B., Arbulu, A., Hamdi, A., & Saikouk, T. (2025). Differentiating “must–have” and “should–have” supply chain capabilities for enhanced performance: A necessary conditions analysis. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 40(2), 313–338. https://doi.org/10.1108/JBIM-06-2024-0453

Lin, Z., Yao, N., & Yu, C. (2024). Urban metro systems: Configurational analysis of antecedent conditions influencing high metro ridership. Journal of Urban Planning and Development, 150(4), 04024030. https://doi.org/10.1061/JUPDDM.UPENG-5093

Linder, C., Moulick, A. G., & Lechner, C. (2023). Necessary conditions and theory-method compatibility in quantitative entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 47(5), 1971–1994. https://doi.org/10.1177/10422587221102103

Lipset, S. M. (1959). Some social requisites of democracy: Economic development and political legitimacy1. American Political Science Review, 53(1), 69–105. https://doi.org/10.2307/1951731

Lisboa, A. C. C., Dias, Á. L., Abrantes, J. L., Ferreira, B., & Sousa, C. (in press). Using necessary condition analysis to understand digital storytelling’s impact on consumer behavior. Journal of Marketing Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-025-00425-3

Liu, H., Wang, Y., He, G., Ma, R., & Fu, S. (2023). The impact of environmental information disclosure of origin using blockchain technology on online consumer behaviour: A combination of SEM and NCA approaches. Journal of Cleaner Production, 421, 138449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138449

Liu, Q., Wen, X., Peng, H., & Cao, Q. (2023). Key technology breakthrough in new energy vehicles: Configuration path evolution from innovative ecosystem perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 423, 138635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.138635

Liu, X., Zhu, X., & Wu, J. (2025). Payment innovation diffusion among merchants: An integrated view using a tri-level hybrid method. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 74, 101558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2025.101558

Liu, Y., & Meng, Q. (2024). How online reviews of sports tourism affect tourists’ value co-creation behavior: Findings from PLS-SEM, NCA, and fsQCA. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 60, 360–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2024.07.005

Liu, Y., Yan, B., Chen, B., Wu, L., & Zhang, X. (in press). The imperative of institutional trust and individualistic culture on early COVID‐19 policy responses: A necessary condition analysis. Policy Studies Journal. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.70037

Liu, Y., Yu, C., & Damberg, S. (2022). Exploring the drivers and consequences of the “awe” emotion in outdoor sports – a study using the latest partial least squares structural equation modeling technique and necessary condition analysis. International Journal of Sports Marketing and Sponsorship, 23(2), 278–294. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSMS-12-2020-0232

Liying, H., & Mengying, Z. (2024). How political influence and financial pressure contribute to performance-based budgeting and university performance: Evidence from SEM and NCA. Sage Open, 14(2), 21582440241256637. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440241256637

Loh, X.-M., Lee, V.-H., & Leong, L.-Y. (2022). Mobile-lizing continuance intention with the mobile expectation-confirmation model: An SEM-ANN-NCA approach. Expert Systems with Applications, 205, 117659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117659

Loh, X.-M., Shyu, W.-H., Lee, V.-H., Huang, H.-L., Tan, G. W.-H., & Ooi, K.-B. (in press). Super app: A multi-analytical cross-country approach on the “everything” app. Journal of Computer Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2025.2560379

Lourenco, C. E., Madeira, J. C., & Santos, V. M. (2025). Exploring the influence of flagship store experience and consumer interactions on purchase behaviour. ReMark – Revista Brasileira de Marketing, 24, e27409. https://doi.org/10.5585/2025.27409

Low, M. P., Cham, T.-H., & Ramayah, T. (2025). Deciphering organisational resilience through a confluence analysis of PLS-SEM, necessary condition analysis, and combined importance-performance map. Quality & Quantity, 59, 2961–2989. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-025-02112-y

Low, M. P., Rahim, F. A., & Wut, T. M. (2025). Leveraging artificial intelligence to foster pro-environmental and green behavior in organizations: Insights from PLS-SEM and necessary condition analysis. Sustainable Futures, 9, 100786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100786

Low, M. P., & Ramayah, T. (2023). It isn’t enough to be easy and useful! Combined use of SEM and necessary condition analysis for a better understanding of consumers’ acceptance of medical wearable devices. Smart Health, 27, 100370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhl.2022.100370

Low, M. P., Tang, K. L., & Yap, J. B. H. (in press). Switching gears: An in-depth understanding of electric vehicle adoption using the confluence approach of PLS-SEM and necessary condition analysis. Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/meq-10-2024-0458

Low, M. P., Wut, T. M., & Pok, W. F. (in press). Lifelong learning and artificial intelligence competency as drivers of career resilience in older workers: An integrative study using PLS-SEM and necessary condition analysis. Educational Gerontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2025.2528673

Lu, Q., Yang, Y., & Yu, M. (2024). Can SMEs’ quality management promote supply chain financing performance? An explanation based on signalling theory. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(7), 1981–2002. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-03-2022-0456

Lu, X., & White, H. (2014). Robustness checks and robustness tests in applied economics. Journal of Econometrics, 178, 194–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconom.2013.08.016

Luo, G., Yang, Y., & Wang, L. (2023). Driving rural industry revitalization in the digital economy era: Exploring strategies and pathways in China. PLOS ONE, 18(9), e0292241. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292241

Luo, L., Wang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhang, X., & Fang, X. (2022). Where is the pathway to sustainable urban development? Coupling coordination evaluation and configuration analysis between low-carbon development and eco-environment: A case study of the Yellow River Basin, China. Ecological Indicators, 144, 109473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109473

Luther, L., Bonfils, K. A., Firmin, R. L., Buck, K. D., Choi, J., Dimaggio, G., Popolo, R., Minor, K. S., & Lysaker, P. H. (2017). Metacognition is necessary for the emergence of motivation in people with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A necessary condition analysis. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 205(12), 960. https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0000000000000753

Ly, B. (in press). Digital transformation, organizational culture, and public sector flexibility in emerging economies: Insights from NCA and PLS-SEM analysis. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-025-02801-x

Lyu, V. C., Chin, W., Zhang, H., & Liu, V. (2022). Value added or overload? A study of the countervailing effects of non-core features on mobile banking apps. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 21(3), 602–613. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2003

Ma, X., & Wang, J. (2001). A confirmatory examination of walberg’s model of educational productivity in student career aspiration. Educational Psychology, 21(4), 443–453. https://doi.org/10.1080/01443410120090821

Ma, Y., & Bennett, D. (2024). Analyzing predictors of perceived graduate employability from sufficiency and necessity perspectives. Higher Education, 88(6), 2375–2397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-024-01221-1

Machamer, P., Darden, L., & Craver, C. F. (2000). Thinking about mechanisms. Philosophy of Science, 67(1), 1–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/188611

Mackie, J. L. (1965). Causes and conditions. American Philosophical Quarterly, 2(4), 245–264. https://www.jstor.org/stable/20009173

Magno, F., Cassia, F., et al. (2023). Reviewing the SmartPLS 4 software: The latest features and enhancements. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00266-y

Magno, F., & Cassia, F. (2024). Predicting restaurants’ surplus food platform continuance: Insights from the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA and predictive model comparisons. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 79, 103820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.103820

Mahoney, J. (2007). The elaboration model and necessary causes. In G. Goertz & J. S. Levy (Eds.), Explaining war and peace: Case studies and necessary condition counterfactuals (pp. 281–306). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203089101-18

Malibari, M., Bajaba, S., Bajaba, A., & Basahal, A. (2025). Cultivating innovative behaviors: How entrepreneurial leaders foster employees’ antifragility within autonomous work settings. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 10, 100701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100701

Manchiraju, S., Akbari, M., & Seydavi, M. (2023). Is entrepreneurial role stress a necessary condition for burnout? A necessary condition analysis. Current Psychology, 43(5), 4766–4778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04704-z

Mandel, D. R., & Lehman, D. R. (1998). Integration of contingency information in judgments of cause, covariation, and probability. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 127(3), 269. https://doi.org/10.1037/0096-3445.127.3.269

Manickavasagam, J., Ayyalusamy, K., Bhaiyat, F., Jha, S., Jain, T., & Poddar, S. (in press). Bitcoin prices: Configurational effects of technological drivers, macroeconomic fundamentals and economic agents’ expectation. International Journal of Finance & Economics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.70032

Mansoor, S., Rahman, S. M., & Bowden, J. L. (2024). Purchase spillovers from the metaverse to the real world: The roles of social presence, trialability, and customer experience. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 23(5), 2501–2552. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.2353

Manzi-Puertas, M. A., Agirre-Aramburu, I., & López-Pérez, S. (2025). Uncovering the hidden value of scarce resources: Frugality, resourcefulness and innovative behavior among student entrepreneurs. Cogent Business & Management, 12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2525500

Marchetti, I., Colpizzi, I., De Caro, E. F., Pedretti, L. M., Iannattone, S., Di Blas, L., & Bottesi, G. (in press). Is reduced self-esteem a necessary condition for eating disorder symptoms in adolescence? Preliminary evidence from a necessary condition analysis study. Eating and Weight Disorders – Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-025-01806-4

Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H. W., & Hankin, B. L. (2025). Which psychosocial risks are necessary for developing depression during adolescence? A novel approach applying necessary condition analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 64, 1201–1209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2024.11.001

Marchetti, I., Koster, E. H., & Dul, J. (2026). Necessity causality in mental health research: Applying necessary condition analysis in clinical psychology and psychiatry. Clinical Psychology Review, 123, 102689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2025.102689

Marchetti, I., Pedretti, L. M., Iannattone, S., Colpizzi, I., Farina, A., Di Blas, L., Ghisi, M., & Bottesi, G. (2025). Is intolerance of uncertainty a necessary condition for anxiety symptoms in adolescents? A necessary condition analysis study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 112, 102999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2025.102999

Massu, J., Kuik, R., & Dul, J. (2020). Simulations with NCA. Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus University.

Mayo, D. G. (1996). Hunting and snooping: Understanding the Neyman-Pearson predesignationist stance. In Error and the growth of experimental knowledge (pp. 294–318). University of Chicago Press.

Mazhar, W., & Zilahy, G. (2025). Pathways to green food purchases: Exploring the nexus of attitudes, habits and lifestyles using SEM and NCA. British Food Journal, 127, 208–229. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2024-0695

Mazumder, S., & Garg, S. (2021). Decoding digital transformational outsourcing: The role of service providers’ capabilities. International Journal of Information Management, 58, 102295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102295

Meddeb, S., & St-Jean, É. (2025). Unraveling the mentor-mentee knot in entrepreneurship: Narcissism, emotional intelligence, and dyadic configurations. Mentoring & Tutoring: Partnership in Learning, 33, 231–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/13611267.2025.2469732

Medina-Molina, C., Pérez-Macías, N., & Rey-Tienda, S. (2024). Strategies for urban cycling: An analysis through generalized analytic induction. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 21(4), 963–997. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-024-00411-y

Medina-Molina, C., & Rey-Moreno, M. (2024). The determinant conditions and causal mechanisms that explain the use of micromobility services. Cuadernos de Gestión, 24(1), 7–20. https://doi.org/10.5295/cdg.231965cm

Meehl, P. E. (1962). Schizotaxia, schizotypy, schizophrenia. American Psychologist, 17(12), 827–838. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0041029

Mello, P. A. (2021). Qualitative comparative analysis: An introduction to research design and application. Georgetown University Press. http://press.georgetown.edu/book/georgetown/qualitative-comparative-analysis

Mendel, J. M., & Korjani, M. M. (2010). Charles Ragin’s fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) applied to linguistic summarization (Technical Report USC-SIPI No. 408). Signal; Image Processing Institute, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California. https://sipi.usc.edu/reports/pdfs/Originals/USC-SIPI-408.pdf

Mersmann, O., Trautmann, H., Steuer, D., & Bornkamp, B. (2023). Truncnorm: Truncated normal distribution. https://github.com/olafmersmann/truncnorm

Messner, W. (2020). Empirically assessing noisy necessary conditions with activation functions. Computational Management Science, 18, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-020-00377-2

Milovan, A.-M., Dobre, C., & Moisescu, O. (2025). Boosting brand behavioral intentions via integrated explicit product placements in podcasts. Journal of Business Research, 189, 115129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2024.115129

Min, Q., Zhu, R., & Peng, L. (2024). Pathways to improving carbon emission efficiency in provinces: A comparative qualitative analysis based on the technology-organization-environment framework. Heliyon, 10(3), e25132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25132

Mkedder, N., Das, M., Bakır, M., Lachachi, A., & Aldhabyani, Y. (in press). Buying local: How functional values, social identity and gender shape consumer preferences in developed and emerging markets. International Journal of Emerging Markets. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-05-2024-0873

Mladenović, D., Monashev, M., Jirásek, M., & Bruni, R. (2025). When online review is not enough? Adoption of cryptocurrencies through the lenses of NCA and fsQCA. Computers in Human Behavior, 172, 108764. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2025.108764

Mobeen, M., Kabir, K. H., Schneider, U. A., Ahmed, T., Ahmad, N., & Scheffran, J. (2026). Essential livelihood capitals for effective climate adaptation in Pakistan’s irrigated agriculture: Insights from PLS-SEM and NCA. Heliyon, 12, e44281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2025.e44281

Mohammed, A., Al-Swidi, A. K., Ferraris, A., & Jabeen, F. (2025). Mobile payments in health crisis: A comprehensive approach to analyzing consumer behavior in emerging markets. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 49. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.70063

Mohsin, A., Rashed, Md., Gerschberger, M., Ahmed, S. F., Plasch, M., Rahman, A., & Noor, M. A. (2025). Can supply chains decarbonize? Exploring the potential of scope 3 emission reduction for sustainable transformation. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101512. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101512

Mohsin, A., Rashed, Md., Gerschberger, M., Plasch, M., Ahmed, S. F., Dritan, O., & Islam, M. F. (2025). Smart supply chains: How do resilience and dynamic capabilities drive corporate performance? The International Journal of Logistics Management, 36, 330–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-12-2024-0783

Moon, J.-H., Lee, S.-T., & Lee, Y.-K. (2025). Impacts of general agents’ customer relationship-building behaviors on trust, satisfaction, and renewal intention: A PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Acta Psychologica, 258, 105162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105162

Morgado Oliveira, J., & Gomes, C. F. (2025). How EFQM Enablers unlock the full potential of TQM. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 36, 1656–1670. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2025.2589269

Muhlbacher, H., Einarsdóttir, B., & Castello, A. (2024). Necessary engagement in stakeholder relationships for successful membership in industrial clusters. Industrial Marketing Management, 118, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2024.02.001

Müller, K., Wickham, H., James, D. A., & Falcon, S. (2026). RSQLite: SQLite interface for r. https://rsqlite.r-dbi.org

Munir, M. A., Abbas, M. M., Qamar, A., Farooq, M., & Cohen, V. (2025). Managing volatile markets: A dynamic capability approach to analytics-driven performance in fast-moving supply chains for sustainable development. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101338

Murtaza, S. H., Hussain, K., Salman, A., Mustafa, S. M., & Han, H. (in press). Exploring the nexus between green initiatives and hotel sustainable performance via circular economy practices. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-02-2025-0077

Mwesiumo, D. (in press). Identifying critical factors in higher education studies: Combining necessary condition and importance-performance map analyses. Studies in Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2025.2478948

Mwesiumo, D., Halpern, N., Bråthen, S., Budd, T., & Suau-Sanchez, P. (2023). Perceived benefits as a driver and necessary condition for the willingness of air passengers to provide personal data for non-mandatory digital services at airports. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 171, 103659. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2023.103659

Mwesiumo, D., Harun, M., & Hogset, H. (2023). Unravelling the black box between coopetition and firms’ sustainability performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 114, 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.08.008

Mwesiumo, D., Similä, J. O., & Langseth, M. (2025). Performance orientation in public procurement: An empirical exploration. Journal of Public Procurement, 25, 519–544. https://doi.org/10.1108/jopp-01-2024-0014

Newton, I. (1687). Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica. Royal Society. https://tile.loc.gov/storage-services/service/gdc/gdcwdl/wd/l_/17/84/2/wdl_17842/wdl_17842

Neyman, J., & Pearson, E. S. (1933). On the problem of the most efficient tests of statistical hypotheses. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character, 231, 289–337. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1933.0009

Nguyen, H. V., Nguyen, N., Le, B. N., Pervan, S., Vu, T. D., & Nguyen, T. M. N. (2026). Factors affecting consumers’ energy curtailment behavior and purchases of energy-efficient appliances. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 88, 104504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104504

Nguyen, M. H., & Le, T. T. H. (2026). Playing business, achieving excellence: An NCA–MGA exploration of average and excellent business undergraduates in simulation-based learning. The International Journal of Management Education, 24, 101347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2025.101347

Nguyen, N. S., Ngo, Q. D., Phan, T. M. C., Tao, V. A., & Bui, T. N. L. (2025). Understanding mHealth adoption among older adults: A novel NCA-fsQCA analysis. Journal of Health Organization and Management, 39, 1565–1579. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhom-01-2025-0053

Nie, X., Qiu, L., Wu, T., Yang, X., Li, F., Feng, W., & Wang, H. (2025). Institutional pathways for enhancing villagers’ participation in rural human settlement governance amid collective action dilemmas: Using NCA and fsQCA approaches. Environmental Research Communications, 7, 075024. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adf0ce

Nikookar, E., Ali, I., Stevenson, M., & Shokouhyar, S. (2025). Necessary antecedents of supply chain resilience: The nonnegotiable influence of supply chain responsiveness and collaboration. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 61, 54–76. https://doi.org/10.1111/jscm.70000

Niranjan, S., Garg, V., Gligor, D. M., & Hawkins, T. G. (2025). Enhancing supply chain sustainability performance: The pivotal role of emerging technologies. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 40, 374–390. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbim-03-2024-0175

Niu, Z., Liu, W., Yao, J., Xiao, X., & Wu, J. (2025). A multidimensional analysis of potential suppliers’ behavioral intentions in shared parking: Insights from SEM, NCA, and fsQCA. Transport Policy, 174, 103861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2025.103861

Norena-Chavez, D., Chavez-Limaylla, F., & Romani-Torres, R. (2025). Sustainable project success through entrepreneurial leadership: Insights from big data analytics, IPMA, and NCA integration. Cogent Business & Management, 12, 2520913. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2520913

Novales, A., Mocker, M., Van Heck, E., & Dul, J. (2025). Realizing desired effects from digitized product affordances: A case study of key inhibiting factors. Decision Support Systems, 189, 114365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114365

Ockham, W. of. (1323). Summa logicae.

Ofori, D. (2024). Necessary condition analysis of organisational capabilities for a resilient service operation in the hotel industry in Ghana. Heliyon, 10(4), e26473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26473

Ofori, D., Agyapong, G. K. Q., & Buer, S. B. (2025). Exploring the necessity of TQM practices for enhancing sustainability performance of manufacturing firms. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 37, 160–182. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2025-0008

Ogundipe, S. J., Peters, L. D., & Tóth, Z. (2022). Interfirm problem representation: Developing shared understanding within inter-organizational networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 100, 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2021.11.004

Okeke, A., & Onyemere, I. (2025). Sustainable supply chain practices as catalyst for energy poverty alleviation in developing countries: A necessary condition analysis. Discover Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01003-4

Olafsen, A. H., & Marescaux, B. P. C. (in press). The bare necessities: A necessary condition analysis of the dual role of basic psychological need satisfaction and frustration on wellbeing at work. Motivation and Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-025-10113-5

Oliveira, E., Van der Heijden, B. I. J. M., Finsel, J. S., Axelrad, H., Derous, E., Gu, X., Marzec, I., Mykletun, R. J., Vignoli, M., Pajic, S., Wöhrmann, A. M., & Deller, J. (in press). Necessary HRM practices for extended working lives in tight and loose societies: A comparative perspective. Human Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.70040

Oliveira, J. M., & Gomes, C. F. (2024). Critical factors for the success of sustainable development goal 12 in the digital transformation era: The effect of ISO 14001. Business Strategy and the Environment, 34, 788–803. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.4023

Oppong, D., & Bannor, R. K. (2024). Decoding influencer impact in food marketing: The must-haves, should-haves and the role of brand trust and price consciousness. Journal of Food Products Marketing, 30(6–7), 210–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454446.2024.2406200

Osakwe, C. N., Říha, D., Elgammal, I. M. Y., & Ramayah, T. (2024). Understanding gen Z shoppers’ interaction with customer-service robots: A cognitive-affective-normative perspective. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 52(13), 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-09-2023-0552

Osei, M. B., & Ofori, D. (2025). Cultural drivers of sustainability performance in emerging economies: Understanding the effect of supply chain learning. Journal of Business Logistics, 46. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbl.70036

Ouazzani, Y., Calderón-García, H., & Tubillejas-Andrés, B. (2025). Unpacking the antecedents of word of mouth and electronic word of mouth in the opera sector: A multimethodological study based on PLS and NCA. Empirical Studies of the Arts, 43(1), 77–104. https://doi.org/10.1177/02762374241245360

P., I., & Mekonnen, N. (2025). The role of ethical climate types in professional accountants’ ethical decision-making: A necessary condition analysis (NCA). Accounting Research Journal, 38, 581–608. https://doi.org/10.1108/arj-01-2025-0028

P., I., & Mekonnen, N. (in press). Moral intensity and ethical decision-making: A combined importance-performance map analysis for professional accountants. International Journal of Ethics and Systems. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-05-2024-0120

Pandey, S., Thomas, S., Bhatt, V., Patel, R., & Malkar, V. (2024). An integrated SEM-ANN-NCA approach to predict the factors influencing CSR authenticity and CRM purchase intentions: An attribution theory perspective. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 32(4), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/10696679.2023.2241158

Pangarso, A., Winarno, A., Aulia, P., & Ritonga, D. A. (2022). Exploring the predictor and the consequence of digital organisational culture: A quantitative investigation using sufficient and necessity approach. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 43(3), 370–385. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2021-0516

Pangarso, A., Yunani, A., Umbara, T., Hendriyanto, R., Sisilia, K., & Panutur, S. S. (2025). Uncovering the secrets of sustainable performance: Empirical studies on ethical behaviour, fortitude culture, ambidextrous governance and digital innovation using combined importance-performance map analysis. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101181

Parker, S. K., & Knight, C. (2024). The SMART model of work design: A higher order structure to help see the wood from the trees. Human Resource Management, 63(2), 265–291. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22200

Pearl, J. (2009). Causality. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/causality/B0046844FAE10CBF274D4ACBDAEB5F5B

Peltokorpi, V., & Sekiguchi, T. (2023). The interaction of the five-factor personality traits and job embeddedness in explaining voluntary turnover: A necessary-condition perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(5), 688–701. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2246216

Peng, B., Zhao, Y., Elahi, E., & Wan, A. (2022). Pathway and key factor identification of third-party market cooperation of China’s overseas energy investment projects. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 183, 121931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121931

Peng, F., & Hu, M. (2025). How Does Market Demand Incentivize Green Innovation in Resource‐Based Industries? Evidence From China. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 85, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.70005

Pérez-Portabella, A., Arias-Oliva, M., Padilla-Castillo, G., & Andrés-Sánchez, J. de. (2026). Ethical conditions for university students’ adoption of large language models in exam preparation contexts. Computers and Education Open, 10, 100323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2025.100323

Pérez-Tapia, G., Cabrera-Sánchez, J.-P., & Hernández Correa, E. (in press). Innovative framework for the analysis of the effects of destination personality on behavioral results: The mediating role of self-congruity. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667251361151

Pillai, R., Sivathanu, B., & Rana, N. P. (2025). Unveiling virtual interactive marketplaces: Shopping motivations in the Metaverse through the lens of uses and gratifications theory. Journal of Business Research, 190, 115219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115219

Pinochet, L. H. C., Souza, C. A. de, Viana, A. B. N., & Rodrı́guez-Abitia, G. (2024). Smart technologies in supermarket retail and their influence on citizens’ quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Revista de Gestão, 31(1), 80–100. https://doi.org/10.1108/REGE-09-2021-0178

Pinthong, C., Inprasertkul, T., Rattanopas, C., Fakfare, P., Han, H., & Chua, B.-L. (2026). Spa social responsibility as a quality signal: Building customer loyalty through ethical and sustainable practices. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 133, 104485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2025.104485

Piriyakul, I., Kunathikornkit, S., & Piriyakul, R. (in press). Determining optimal marketing mix configurations: An integration of opinion-oriented language and necessary condition analysis. Journal of Vacation Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1177/13567667251351025

Poku, E., Nuertey, D., Agbemude, S., Owusu, F., & Buabeng, S. (in press). Building resilient supply chains through digitalization: The roles of supply chain traceability and desorptive capacity. Benchmarking: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-01-2025-0057

Popper, K. (1959). The logic of scientific discovery. Hutchinson.

Popper, K. R. (1985). The problem of demarcation. In D. Miller (Ed.), Popper selections (pp. 118–130). Princeton. https://vdoc.pub/documents/popper-selections-29t8hfu8hp40

Porlán-Ariza, R., Villarejo-Ramos, Á. F., Ledesma-Chaves, P., & Gil-Cordero, E. (2026). Factors influencing the adoption of teaching innovations by university teachers: A comparative analysis using the FS/QCA-NCA methodology. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 60, 102059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2025.102059

Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage of nations: Creating and sustaining superior performance. The Free Press.

Pourazad, N., Stocchi, L., & Simmonds, L. (2025). Influencers and the choice of a travel destination: A customer journey and information processing perspective. Information Technology & Tourism, 27(4), 1185–1228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40558-025-00330-6

Prakash, A., Jeyakumar Nathan, R., Kini, S., & Victor, V. (2022). Message framing and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among millennials in South India. PLOS ONE, 17(7), e0269487. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269487

Qin, Y., Luo, C., Xu, Z., Wang, X., & Škare, M. (2025). Decoding tourist satisfaction for sustainable economic development: A multi-method configuration framework using online reviews. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 31, 1801–1839. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2025.23251

Quaicoe, J., Acquah, I. S. K., & Gatsi, J. G. (2024). Unravelling the nice-to-have and must-have circular economy-oriented dynamic capabilities for sustainable product design and end-of-life management: Insights from PLS-SEM and NCA. Journal of Cleaner Production, 479, 144004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144004

Quan, Z., Wu, J., & Zhang, J. (in press). Sustainable learning in sight: A multi-analytical investigation into potential impact of extended reality (XR) on knowledge retention and skill development. Asia Pacific Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2025.2596922

Quansah, T. K., Lang, M., & Mühlbacher, H. (2025). Deriving pleasure from other people’s pain: The influence of vicarious pain on viewing intentions for violent sports. Journal of Business Research, 199, 115533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115533

Rafi, A., Roy, S. K., Rehman, M. A., & Hasni, M. J. S. (2025). Impact of multidimensional presence on user well-being in metaverse communities. Decision Support Systems, 189, 114382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114382

Ragin, C. C. (1987). The comparative method: Moving beyond qualitative and quantitative strategies. JSTOR. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/j.ctt1pnx57?turn_away=true

Ragin, C. C. (2000). Fuzzy-set social science. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/F/bo3635786.html

Ragin, C. C. (2008). Redesigning social inquiry: Fuzzy sets and beyond. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/R/bo5973952.html

Ragin, C. C. (2009). Qualitative comparative analysis using fuzzy-sets (fsQCA). In B. Rihoux & C. C. Ragin (Eds.), Configurational comparative methods: Qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) and related techniques (pp. 87–121). Sage. https://methods.sagepub.com/book/edvol/configurational-comparative-methods/toc#_

Rahimi, A. R., & Daneshvar Ghorbani, B. (2025). Toward the Language MOOC (LMOOC’s) low dropout rate: The control-value theory of persistency in LMOOC (CVTPLMOOC). Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 17, 100593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chbr.2025.100593

Rahimi, A. R., & Sevilla-Pavón, A. (2024). The role of ChatGPT readiness in shaping language teachers’ language teaching innovation and meeting accountability: A bisymmetric approach. Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, 100258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeai.2024.100258

Rahimi, A. R., & Sevilla-Pavón, A. (2025). The role of interactive, constructive, active, and passive learning activities (ICAPCALL) in shaping students’ online engagement, and learning approaches to virtual exchange (SAVE): A bisymmetric approach. Smart Learning Environments, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-024-00363-0

Rahman, Md. M., & Sadik, N. (2025). Nexus of digital financial service adoption, decent work and environmental sustainability: Results from SEM-NCA approaches. Discover Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00972-w

Rahman, S. M. M., Tafsirun, U., Faisal-E-Alam, Md., Ferreira, P., Loures, L. s., & Castanho, R. A. (2025). Unveiling perceptions on academic leadership effectiveness: PLS-SEM, FSQCA, and NCA approaches. PLOS ONE, 20, e0320723. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0320723

Rahman, S. M., Carlson, J., Chowdhury, N. H., Gudergan, S. P., Wetzels, M., Ringle, C. M., & Grewal, D. (2026). Omnichannel safe customer experience: How should it be measured? Does it affect customer well-being and retailers’ performance? Journal of Business Research, 202, 115760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115760

Rashed, Md., Uddin, Md. K., Islam, M. F., Mohsin, A., Rahman, S., Kumar, S., & Rana, J. (2025). Building organizational resilience in emerging economies: Strategic insights from Bangladesh. Sustainable Futures, 10, 101327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.101327

Rath, S. P., & Jain, N. K. (in press). Validating the efficacy of the GreenSCOR model in creating sustainability performance for manufacturing companies: A mixed-method analysis. Benchmarking: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/bij-09-2024-0740

Ren, X., Hu, L., & Zhang, A. (2025). The impact of multilateral competitive and cooperative relationships in the platform ecosystem on the iterative innovation of platform-dependent enterprises: findings from NCA and fsQCA. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28, 5104–5127. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-12-2024-1425

Ren, Z., & Liu, Q. (2025). How digital transformation drives the value enhancement of SMTEs from the perspective of technology, business and social interaction. Social Indicators Research, 178, 1367–1390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-025-03522-z

Richter, N. F., & Hauff, S. (2022). Necessary conditions in international business research–advancing the field with a new perspective on causality and data analysis. Journal of World Business, 57(5), 101310. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101310

Richter, N. F., Hauff, S., Kolev, A. E., & Schubring, S. (2023). Dataset on an extended technology acceptance model: A combined application of PLS-SEM and NCA. Data in Brief, 48, 109190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2023.109190

Richter, N. F., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2022). The use of partial least squares structural equation modeling and complementary methods in international management research. Management International Review, 62(4), 449–470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-022-00475-0

Richter, N. F., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Kolev, A. E., & Schubring, S. (2023). How to apply necessary condition analysis in PLS-SEM. In Partial least squares path modeling: Basic concepts, methodological issues and applications (pp. 267–297). Springer. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-37772-3_10

Richter, N. F., Martin, J., Hansen, S. V., Taras, V., & Alon, I. (2021). Motivational configurations of cultural intelligence, social integration, and performance in global virtual teams. Journal of Business Research, 129, 351–367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.03.012

Richter, N. F., Schlaegel, C., Bakel, M. V., & Engle, R. L. (2020). The expanded model of cultural intelligence and its explanatory power in the context of expatriation intention. European Journal of International Management, 14(2), 381–419. https://doi.org/10.1504/EJIM.2020.105545

Richter, N. F., Schubring, S., Hauff, S., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2020). When predictors of outcomes are necessary: Guidelines for the combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 120(12), 2243–2267. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMDS-11-2019-0638

Rico, J. P., Calvo-Mora, A., Medina-Molina, C., & Alves, H. (2024). Quality 4.0 social and strategic readiness factors: Sufficient and necessary condition analysis. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, 35(5–6), 559–583. https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2024.2323185

Riggs, R., Felipe, C. M., Roldán, J. L., & Real, J. C. (2025). Deepening big data sustainable value creation: Insights using IPMA, NCA, and cIPMA. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 13, 1000–1019. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00321-2

Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 116(9), 1865–1886. https://doi-org.eur.idm.oclc.org/10.1108/IMDS-10-2015-0449

Rishi, B., Shiva, A., & Israney, R. S. (2024). Consumer willingness to buy and pay for dog-human companionship: A combination of SEM and NCA approaches. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 36(12), 3533–3552. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-12-2023-1271

Robinson, S., Muratbekova-Touron, M., Linder, C., Bouncken, R. B., Findikoglu, M. N., Garbuio, M., Hartner-Tiefenthaler, M., Thanos, I. C., Aharonson, B. S., Strobl, A., et al. (2022). 40th anniversary editorial: Looking backwards to move forward in management research. European Management Journal, 40(4), 459–466. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.07.002

Robinson, W. S. (1951). The logical structure of analytic induction. American Sociological Review, 16(6), 812–818. https://doi.org/10.2307/2087508

Rocha, R. G., Ed-Dafali, S., & Sharma, N. (2025). Entrepreneurial orientation, agility and responsibility: A triad for sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 32, 470–495. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-04-2024-0224

Rogers, C. R. (1957). The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-3204.44.3.240

Rohlfing, I., & Schneider, C. Q. (2013). Improving research on necessary conditions: Formalized case selection for process tracing after QCA. Political Research Quarterly, 66(1), 220–235. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23563606

Romero-Charneco, M., Casado-Molina, A.-M., Alarcón-Urbistondo, P., & Cabrera Sánchez, J. P. (2025). Customer intentions toward the adoption of WhatsApp chatbots for restaurant recommendations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 16. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-01-2024-0024

Rosli, N., Binti Mohamad, A. D., Johar, E. R., Hashim, S., & Lim, X.-J. (2024). Beyond borders: The transcendent effect of Korean celebrity credibility on brand perceptions among Malaysian youth - a necessary condition analysis. Heliyon, 11, e41155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41155

Rothenberg, T. J. (1971). Identification in parametric models. Econometrica, 39(3), 577–591. https://doi.org/10.2307/1913267

Rothman, K. J. (1976). Causes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 104(6), 587–592. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112335

Rothman, K. J., & Greenland, S. (2005). Causation and causal inference in epidemiology. American Journal of Public Health, 95(S1), S144–S150. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2004.059204

Roxas, B. (2024). E-governance and sustainable human development in Asia: A dynamic institutional path perspective. Journal of Asian Business and Economic Studies, 32, 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABES-02-2024-0076

Rozenkowska, K. (2023). Theory of planned behavior in consumer behavior research: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 47(6), 2670–2700. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12970

Rubinson, C. (2019). Presenting qualitative comparative analysis: Notation, tabular layout, and visualization. Methodological Innovations, 12(2), 2059799119862110. https://doi.org/10.1177/2059799119862110

Rubinson, C. (2025). Fiss. https://grundrisse.org/qca.

Ruiz-Equihua, D., Romero, J., Loureiro, S. M. C., & Ali, M. (2023). Human–robot interactions in the restaurant setting: The role of social cognition, psychological ownership and anthropomorphism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(6), 1966–1985. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2022-0597

Rulandari, N., & Silalahi, A. D. K. (2025a). Achieving effectiveness of public service in AI-enabled service from public value theory: Does human–AI collaboration matters? Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 19, 428–452. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2025-0004

Rulandari, N., & Silalahi, A. D. K. (2025b). Human-AI collaboration for efficiency and employee job satisfaction in public administration: Insights from a resource-based perspective. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 19, 264–287. https://doi.org/10.1108/tg-01-2025-0011

Safdar, N., Moazzam, M., Ahmed, W., Khan, A. S., Manzoor, W., & Raziq, M. M. (2024). The impact of adopting green procurement practices on the competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A dual-mediation model. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 33, 105–128. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-04-2024-0297

Samagaio, A., Francisco, P. M., Felício, T., & Verga Matos, P. (in press). The relationship between time pressure, ethical culture and audit quality. Management Decision. https://doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2024-0870

Sánchez-Medina, A. J., Pellejero, M., C-Sánchez, E., & Cerviño-Cortínez, D. L. (in press). Attitude towards the profession, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and intention to abandon tourism SMEs as an entrepreneur: A conditional mediation model. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2024.2421438

Santana, A. de S., Martens, C. D. P., Bizarrias, F. S., & Martens, M. L. (2025). The role of organizational factors in enabling, and of autonomy in potentializing intrapreneurial behavior: Mechanisms and preconditions. BAR – Brazilian Administration Review, 22. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2025240065

Santos-Jaén, J. M., Pemartín, M., Gimeno-Arias, F., & León-Gómez, A. (2025). Necessary condition analysis for sustainable channel governance in fast-moving markets. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 40, 1863–1878. https://doi.org/10.1108/jbim-10-2024-0804

Sanyal, P., Jain, N. K., & Choudhury, D. (2024). What specific investments are critical in fostering buyer-supplier relationships: Evidence from MSMEs in emerging economies. International Social Science Journal, 74(251), 219–239. https://doi.org/10.1111/issj.12456

Saraf, P. K., Saha, S., & Anand, A. (2022). Supportive culture and job involvement in public sector: The mediating role of participation in decision making and organizational learning. International Journal of Public Sector Management, 35(5), 549–567. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPSM-09-2021-0218

Sarstedt, M., & Liu, Y. (2023). Advanced marketing analytics using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). In Journal of Marketing Analytics (pp. 1–5). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00279-7

Sarstedt, M., Richter, N. F., Hauff, S., & Ringle, C. M. (2024). Combined importance–performance map analysis (cIPMA) in partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS–SEM): A SmartPLS 4 tutorial. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12, 746–760. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-024-00325-y

Sathatip, P., Agmapisarn, C., Suttipun, M., & Fakfare, P. (2025). Identifying probabilistic and necessary conditions for sustainable food purchasing behaviors: Insights from surplus food platforms. British Food Journal, 127, 3073–3099. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2025-0091

Sathatip, P., Senachai, P., Leruksa, C., & Fakfare, P. (2025). Cultivating ethical culinary practices and sustainability awareness in culinary education: Fostering responsible future chefs. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 36, 100531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2024.100531

Schelvis, R. M. C., Veen, M. van, Tamminga, S. J., Oude Hengel, K. M., Nieuwenhuijsen, K., Boot, C. R. L., & Dul, J. (2025). Testing psychosocial work adversities as a necessary condition for work-related emotional exhaustion in young workers: a cross-sectional necessary condition analysis on a national general working population-based survey. BMJ Open, 15, e094485. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2024-094485

Schneider, C. Q., & Wagemann, C. (2012). Set-theoretic methods for the social sciences: A guide to qualitative comparative analysis. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org/nl/academic/subjects/social-science-research-methods/qualitative-methods/set-theoretic-methods-social-sciences-guide-qualitative-comparative-analysis?format=PB

Schubring, S., & Richter, N. (2023). Extended TAM (Version V4). Mendeley Data. https://doi.org/10.17632/pd5dp3phx2.4

Sekar, D., Veerasamy, S., Michellin Kiruba, N. J., & Ranganathan, M. (in press). Beyond the threshold: Exploring intelligence and creative potential in Indian middle school students. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment. https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2025.2550489

Sen, P., Roy, A., Laradi, S., Das, A., Ray, A., Parida, R., & Das, S. (2026). Young consumers’ attitudes toward selecting green delivery option of ready-to-eat food products: A case of West Bengal, India using extended theory of planned behaviour model. Journal of Cleaner Production, 538, 147291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.147291

Sepe, F., Luongo, S., Di Gioia, L., & Della Corte, V. (2024). Cultural heritage experiences in the metaverse: Analyzing perceived value and behavioral intentions. European Journal of Innovation Management, 28, 2054–2079. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-05-2024-0557

Servajean-Hilst, R., & Suurmond, R. (2023). Purchasing team innovation climates as antecedents of purchasing involvement in open innovation. International Journal of Innovation Management, 27(09n10), 2350048. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1363919623500482

Shahjehan, A., & Qureshi, J. A. (2019). Personality and impulsive buying behaviors. A necessary condition analysis. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 32(1), 1060–1072. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2019.1585268

Shan, J., Deng, Z., Deng, Z., & Song, D. (2025). Emotional resonance and self-esteem: The role of humanlike competencies from mental health chatbots. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 72, 4281–4293. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3625427

Shan, X., Wang, Y., & Luo, L. (2025). The effect of digital music education on non-cognitive abilities: Empirical evidence from China. Acta Psychologica, 260, 105564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105564

Shao, Q., Jiang, C., Liou, J. J. H., Su, P., Yuan, Y., & Dan, Z. (2024). Exploring the influencing factors of digital transformation: Empirical results from SMEs in China. Managerial and Decision Economics, 46, 2364–2380. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4463

Sharma, A., Dwivedi, R., Mariani, M. M., & Islam, T. (2022). Investigating the effect of advertising irritation on digital advertising effectiveness: A moderated mediation model. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 180, 121731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121731

Sharma, N., & Paço, A. (2025). Exploring the O zone effect: How own, others and outer influences shape green purchasing behaviour in e-commerce. Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, 23, 234–261. https://doi.org/10.1108/jices-09-2024-0137

Sharma, P. N., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J.-H., Herfurth, A., & Hair, J. F. (2024). A framework for enhancing the replicability of behavioral MIS research using prediction oriented techniques. International Journal of Information Management, 78, 102805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2024.102805

Sharma, S., Kar, A. K., & Gupta, M. P. (2024). Untangling the web between digital citizen empowerment, accountability and quality of participation experience for e-government: Lessons from India. Government Information Quarterly, 41(3), 101964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2024.101964

Shen, J., Zhang, H., Wong, C. U. I., Chen, J., & Ren, L. (2025). Relationship between childhood socio-economic status and wellness tourism intention: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA methods. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-05177-0

Shen, J., Zhang, H., Zheng, J., & Ruan, M. (2025). How do self-identity and motivational foundation influence Chinese prosocial behavior intention? Findings from NCA and fsQCA. SAGE Open, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440251326350

Shen, Y., Yang, H., & Zhu, Q. (2025). How does the institutional environment improve the entrepreneurial quality of returnees? A configuration analysis based on a complex system view. PLOS ONE, 20, e0322863. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0322863

Si, H., Li, N., Duan, X., Cheng, L., & Bao, Z. (2023). Understanding the public’s willingness to participate in the carbon generalized system of preferences (CGSP): An innovative mechanism to drive low-carbon behavior in China. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 38, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2023.03.016

Siddik, A. B., Yong, L., Du, A. M., & Goodell, J. W. (2025). Exploring AI-driven digital banking platforms: Implications for business model innovation and sustainability in the financial sector. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 72, 3318–3334. https://doi.org/10.1109/tem.2025.3591773

Siemsen, E., Roth, A. V., & Balasubramanian, S. (2008). How motivation, opportunity, and ability drive knowledge sharing: The constraining-factor model. Journal of Operations Management, 26(3), 426–445. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2007.09.001

Sievert, C., Parmer, C., Hocking, T., Chamberlain, S., Ram, K., Corvellec, M., & Despouy, P. (2024). Plotly: Create interactive web graphics via plotly.js. https://plotly-r.com

Silalahi, A. D. K. (in press). Frustration dissonance and the paradox of persistence in ChatGPT usage: Insights from Indonesia and Taiwan. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2567967

Similä, J. O., & Mwesiumo, D. (2024). Implementing public procurement of green innovations: Does structural alignment matter? Journal of Cleaner Production, 461, 142562. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142562

Simon, H. A. (1957). Models of man: Social and rational. Wiley.

Singh, A. K., Jain, N. K., Sharma, M. G., & Nigam, S. (2023). Reconceptualization of absorptive capacity as potential and realized absorptive capacity for project-based organizations. International Journal of Project Management, 41(2), 102449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2023.102449

Singh Yadav, S., & Kumar Kar, S. (2025). Influence of religious value and minimalism on repurchase intention of sustainable fashion: A combined PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 486, 144585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.144585

Sirisety, M., Nekkanti, M. R., Datti, R. S., Bikkina, N., Patrakov, E. V., & Baturina, L. (2025). Necessary condition analysis on the relationship between fear of missing out, social networking addiction, and psychological well-being. European Journal of Mental Health, 20, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.5708/ejmh.20.2025.0042

SmartPLS Development Team. (2023). SmartPLS (Version 4) [Computer software]. SmartPLS GmbH, Germany. https://www.smartpls.com/

Sohaib, O., Alshemeili, A., & Bhatti, T. (2025). Exploring AI-enabled green marketing and green intention: An integrated PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Cleaner and Responsible Consumption, 17, 100269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clrc.2025.100269

Solaimani, S., & Swaak, L. (2023). Critical success factors in a multi-stage adoption of artificial intelligence: A necessary condition analysis. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 69, 101760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2023.101760

Spinelli, D., Dul, J., & Buijs, G. (2023). nca: Stata module to perform necessary condition analysis (NCA) (Version 0.0.1) [Computer software]. Statistical Software Components S459269, Boston College Department of Economics. https://ideas.repec.org/c/boc/bocode/s459269.html

Stanford, K. (2023). Underdetermination of scientific theory. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (fall 2023 edition). Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2023/entries/scientific-underdetermination/

Stek, K., & Schiele, H. (2021). How to train supply managers – necessary and sufficient purchasing skills leading to success. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 27(4), 100700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2021.100700

Su, D. N., Nguyen-Phuoc, D. Q., Tran, P. T. K., Van Nguyen, T., Luu, T. T., & Pham, H.-G. (2023). Identifying must-have factors and should-have factors affecting the adoption of electric motorcycles – a combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA approach. Travel Behaviour and Society, 33, 100633. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2023.100633

Su, Z., Lai, S., & Zhang, M. (2024). Post-pandemic outdoor music festival consumption behaviour intention: An integrative approach. Leisure Studies, 44, 428–448. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2024.2324824

Subramanian, B., Jain, N. K., & Bhattacharyya, S. S. (2024). Exploring the direct impact of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on organisational innovation output and institutional isomorphism: A study in the context of multinational life sciences organisations. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 33, 129–166. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-05-2024-0391

Suganthi, A., & Mohamed Jasim, K. (2025). Exploring the antecedents of users’ intention on virtual tours and video walkthroughs in rental accommodation apps – an integrated PLS-SEM-ANN-NCA approach. Journal of Internet Commerce, 24, 89–129. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2025.2497970

Sukhov, A., Olsson, L. E., & Friman, M. (2022). Necessary and sufficient conditions for attractive public transport: Combined use of PLS-SEM and NCA. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 158, 239–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.03.012

Sun, C., Xia, E., Huang, J., & Tong, H. (2024). Coupled coordination and pathway analysis of food security and carbon emission efficiency under climate-smart agriculture orientation. Science of the Total Environment, 948, 174706. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174706

Sun, H., Fu, L., & Yang, S. (2023). What contributes to the government-citizen knowledge sharing: Analysis of 293 cities in China. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100362

Sun, H., & Zhou, L. (in press). A configurational approach for local‐government policy reinvention: A study on Chinese policy. Review of Policy Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.70046

Sun, K., Ooi, K.-B., Wei-Han Tan, G., & Lee, V.-H. (2024). Small and medium-sized enterprises’ path to sustainable supply chains: Exploring the role of supply chain finance and risk management. Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 30, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-08-2023-0437

Suryavanshi, A. K. S., Thomas, S., Trivedi, T., Patel, R., & Bhatt, V. (2024). Predicting user loyalty and repeat intention to donate towards fantasy sports gaming platforms: A large‐sample study based on a model integrating philanthropic actions, well‐being and flow experience. Journal of Philanthropy and Marketing, 29(1), e1819. https://doi.org/10.1002/nvsm.1819

Talib, S., Papastathopoulo, A., & Ahmad, S. Z. (2024). Sufficiency and necessity of big data capabilities for decision performance in the public sector. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 26(1), 18–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-05-2023-0057

Tan, J., & Wei, J. (2023). Configurational analysis of ESG performance, innovation intensity, and financial leverage: A study on total factor productivity in Chinese pharmaceutical manufacturing firms. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 15(3), 13803–13827. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-023-01678-y

Tan, K.-L., Leong, C.-M., & Richter, N. F. (2025). Navigating trust in mobile payments: Using necessary condition analysis to identify must-have factors for user acceptance. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 41, 3325–3339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2024.2338319

Tang, L., Zhao, H., Zhou, Z., Li, Q., Qian, Z., Hou, S., & Liu, B. (2025). Spatio-temporal distribution characteristics and driving factors of urban resilience in the Yangtze River Delta. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-025-02691-7

Tao, Y., Wang, H., He, J., Zhang, Z., & Liu, H. (2025). How does female representation affect long-term firm performance? Capturing causal complexity with a configurational approach. Gender in Management: An International Journal, 40, 114–133. https://doi.org/10.1108/GM-07-2023-0258

Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: The nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.640

Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199708)18:7<509::AID-SMJ882>3.0.CO;2-Z

Teston, S. de F., Zawadzki, P., Machado, H. P. V., & Cazella, C. F. (2025). What are the necessary psychological well-being conditions for women entrepreneurs to feel effective? BAR – Brazilian Administration Review, 22, e240107. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-7692bar2025240107

Tetteh, F. K., & Owusu Kwateng, K. (in press). Digital pathways to supply chain viability: Exploring nice and must-to have practices in dynamic environment – insight from SEM and NCA. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-05-2025-0367

Tetteh, F. K., Owusu Kwateng, K., Obiri-Yeboah, H., Amoako, D. K., & Nyamekye, B. (2025). Unpacking the nice-to-have and must-have antecedents and outcomes of supplier commitment. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 36, 1457–1491. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-01-2025-0052

Tetteh, F. K., Owusu Kwateng, K., Owusu-Antwi, C., & Opoku-Mensah, S. (in press). Promoting sustainable end-of-life management and intelligence integration through supply chain digitalization: based on CB-SEM and NCA approaches. Business Process Management Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-05-2025-0643

Thien, L. M., Chuah, S. T., & Low, M. P. (2024). Understanding middle leaders’ distributed leadership factors as necessary and sufficient conditions for fostering teacher commitment to change. European Journal of Education, 59(4), e12757. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12757

Tho, N. D. (2018). Firm capabilities and performance: A necessary condition analysis. Journal of Management Development, 37(4), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2017-0204

Tho, N. D. (2019a). Business students’ hardiness and its role in quality of university life, quality of life, and learning performance. Education + Training, 61(3), 374–386. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2018-0068

Tho, N. D. (2019b). Strategic orientations and firm innovativeness: A necessary condition analysis. Baltic Journal of Management, 14(3), 427–442. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-07-2018-0280

Tho, N. D., Phong, N. D., Quan, T. H. M., & Trang, N. T. M. (2025). Corporate social responsibility and employees’ quality of work life. Baltic Journal of Management, 20, 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/bjm-06-2024-0300

Tho, N. D., Trang, N. T. M., & Thu, N. N. Q. (2025). Ambidextrous leadership and innovation ambidexterity in a business function: The role of managers’ psychological capital and proactive personality. Journal of Knowledge Management, 29, 1446–1464. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-09-2024-1109

Thu, N. N., Kadirov, D., Fam, K.-S., & Tho, N. D. (2023). Firms’ sustainability marketing commitment: The roles of chief marketing officers’ future focus and prosocial motivation. Journal of Macromarketing, 43(3), 306–321. https://doi.org/10.1177/02761467231174027

Tian, S., Wang, R., Li, H., Chen, L., Kuang, Y., & Mao, J. (2025). Predictive analysis of miners’ group unsafe behavior based on group dynamics and institutional environment. Scientific Reports, 15, 9263. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-89860-x

Tingli, J., Aw, E. C.-X., Huam, H.-T., & Tan, G. W.-H. (in press). Artificial intelligence at the wheel: Exploring tourists’ trust in autonomous vehicles through a time-lagged survey. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology. https://doi.org/10.1108/jhtt-04-2025-0334

Tiwari, P., Kaurav, R. P. S., & Koay, K. Y. (2024). Understanding travel apps usage intention: Findings from PLS and NCA. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12(1), 25–41. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00258-y

Torres, P., & Godinho, P. (2022). Levels of necessity of entrepreneurial ecosystems elements. Small Business Economics, 59, 29–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-021-00515-3

Torres, P., & Godinho, P. (in press). National competitive advantage in the digital age: A necessary condition analysis. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/cr-05-2025-0160

Tóth, Z., Dul, J., & Li, C. (2019). Necessary condition analysis in tourism research. Annals of Tourism Research, 79, 102821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2019.102821

Tripathi, S. N., Husain, R., & Rana, N. P. (2025). Engineering emotional bonds: How anthropomorphic design shapes guest-robot relationships in hospitality. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 35, 45–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2025.2552202

Troiville, J., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2025). Using necessary condition analysis to complement multigroup analysis in partial least squares structural equation modeling. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 82, 104018. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2024.104018

Tuesta-Tapia, A. C., Vázquez-Sánchez, A., & Amador-Hidalgo, L. (2024). Excellence in the management of local action groups: An empirical investigation of critical success factors. International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management, 42, 1249–1273. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-02-2024-0058

Tumaku, J., Ren, J., Boakye, K. G., Ofori, K. S., & Abubakari, A. (2023). Interplay between perceived value, trust and continuance intention: Evidence in the sharing economy. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 15(1), 74–96. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQSS-05-2022-0048

Turner, J. R. (2009). The Handbook of Project-based Management. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071549745

Tuuli, M. M., & Rhee, H. van. (2021). How ability, motivation, and opportunity drive individual performance behaviors in projects: Tests of competing theories. Journal of Management in Engineering, 37(6), 04021070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000969

Twyford, J., Hosseini, E., Haverila, K., & Haverila, M. (in press). The interaction between Industry 4.0 practices, distributor sustainability development and performance: A necessary condition analysis. Social Responsibility Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/srj-10-2024-0747

Tynan, M. C., Credé, M., & Harms, P. D. (2020). Are individual characteristics and behaviors necessary-but-not-sufficient conditions for academic success?: A demonstration of Dul’s (2016) necessary condition analysis. Learning and Individual Differences, 77, 101815. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2019.101815

Ullibarriarana-Garate, A., Agirre-Aramburu, I., Miguel, M. M.-D. M., & Sánchez-Urien, N. (2024). Higher education apprenticeship. Analyzing the impact and essential conditions of workplace resources on apprentices’ career satisfaction. Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 8(13), 9040. https://doi.org/10.24294/jipd.v8i13.9040

Van der Valk, W., Sumo, R., Dul, J., & Schroeder, R. G. (2016). When are contracts and trust necessary for innovation in buyer-supplier relationships? A necessary condition analysis. Journal of Purchasing and Supply Management, 22(4), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pursup.2016.06.005

Van Rhee, H., & Dul, J. (2017). The limiting-factor theory: AMO-factors individually necessary and jointly sufficient for behavior. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2017, 16432. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2017.16432abstract

Vargas-Zeledon, A. A., & Lee, S.-Y. (2024). Configurations of institutional enablers that foster inclusive entrepreneurship: A fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 9(4), 100549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2024.100549

Varzi, A. (2019). Mereology. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The stanford encyclopedia of philosophy. Edition spring 2019. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/mereology/

Vasist, P. N., & Krishnan, S. (2024). AI’s impact on sustainability targets: A cross-country NCA and fsQCA study. Information Systems Frontiers, 27, 1445–1470. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10543-5

Vázquez-Sánchez, A., Tuesta-Tapia, A., & Amador-Hidalgo, L. (2025). The EFQM 2020 model and critical success factor for excellence in management for rural development. Quality Management Journal, 32, 239–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/10686967.2025.2528598

Veiga, P. M., Ferreira, J. J., Zhang, J. Z., & Liu, Y. (2024). Exploring the connections: Ambidexterity, digital capabilities, resilience, and behavioral innovation. Journal of Computer Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2297031

Velikova, N., Bouzdine-Chameeva, T., Ben Nasr, I., Sanz-Ibáñez, C., Anton Clavé, S., & Rabassa-Figueras, N. (in press). Drivers of green wine tourism among young adults: Intentions, attitudes, and expansion to sustainable behaviour. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2559313

Venciute, D., Lukosiute, N., Correia, R., Meneses, R., & Kuslys, M. (2025). Leveraging sustainability cues in fashion advertising: Comparative insights from Lithuania’s slow and fast fashion markets. European Business Review, 37, 898–932. https://doi.org/10.1108/ebr-01-2025-0013

Verma, S., & Kapoor, D. (2025). Sustainability on the plate: How influencers and social norms transform food choices. British Food Journal, 127, 1942–1958. https://doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2024-1202

Vis, B., & Dul, J. (2018). Analyzing relationships of necessity not just in kind but also in degree: Complementing fsQCA with NCA. Sociological Methods & Research, 47(4), 872–899. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124115626179

Vu, U., & Tolstoy, D. (2025). Examining the complementary roles of market-driven and market-driving orientations in the geographical diversification strategies of e-commerce SMEs. Journal of Business Research, 194, 115375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2025.115375

Wagner, G. (2020). Typicality and minutis rectis laws: From physics to sociology. Journal for General Philosophy of Science, 51, 447–458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09505-7

Wagner, G., Raymond, L., & Paré, G. (2023). Understanding prospective physicians’ intention to use artificial intelligence in their future medical practice: Configurational analysis. JMIR Medical Education, 9, e45631. https://doi.org/10.2196/45631

Walberg, H. J. (1984). Improving the productivity of america’s schools. Educational Leadership, 41(8), 19–27. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ299536

Wan, S., Ke, S., & Liang, C. (2025). How the talent ecosystem of key state-owned forest areas in China empowers forestry scientific and technological talents aggregation. Forest Policy and Economics, 170, 103400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forpol.2024.103400

Wand, M. (2023). KernSmooth: Functions for kernel smoothing supporting wand & jones (1995). https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=KernSmooth

Wang, C., Rahman, Md. M., Siddik, A. B., Wen, Z. G., & Sobhani, F. A. (2024). Exploring the synergy of logistics, finance, and technology on innovation. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21918. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-72409-9

Wang, D., & Cheng, X. (2024). Study on the path of high-quality development of the construction industry and its applicability. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 14727. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-64786-y

Wang, G., Li, X., Gao, Y., Zeng, C., Wang, B., Li, X., & Li, X. (2023). How does land consolidation drive rural industrial development? Qualitative and quantitative analysis of 32 land consolidation cases in China. Land Use Policy, 130, 106664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106664

Wang, G., Zhang, H., Zeng, S., Meng, X., & Lin, H. (2023). Reporting on sustainable development: Configurational effects of top management team and corporate characteristics on environmental information disclosure. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(1), 28–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2337

Wang, J. (2025). Exploring determinants and development paths of rural economy from sustainable common-pool resource governance perspective. Economics of Governance, 26, 271–311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-025-00330-6

Wang, J., & Wang, Y. (2024). Economic performance of rural collective‐owned cooperatives: Determinants and influence mechanism. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 95(3), 629–653. https://doi.org/10.1111/apce.12454

Wang, L., Sun, Y., & Tiong, R. L. K. (2024). Institutional quality configuration for encouraging private capital participation in PPP projects: Evidence from 36 belt and road countries. International Journal of Managing Projects in Business, 17(6/7), 898–922. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMPB-06-2024-0144

Wang, L., Tang, Y., & Zhao, X. (in press). From niche to green: Configurational pathways to enhance green innovation in Chinese chemical SRDI enterprises. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.70192

Wang, P., Wang, S., Foley, M., & Lin, F. (2025). Configurations for High‐Quality Environmental Disclosure in China’s Dual Carbon Era. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 85, 49–62. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajes.70001

Wang, T., Aw, E. C.-X., Tan, G. W.-H., Sthapit, E., & Li, X. (in press). AI colleagues: How AI influences hotel employees’ service performance? Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2481486

Wang, T., Feng, M., Wang, H., & Shen, Y. (in press). Achieving low-carbon goals: Analysis of the configuration path for manufacturing enterprises to reduce carbon emissions intensity. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/196731

Wang, T., Xu, T., Wang, Z., Wang, H., Kang, J., Qiu, L., Xue, S., Fang, Z., & Zhang, Y. (2025a). Where do resilient cities grow? Exploring the pathways and mechanisms of resilience development. Sustainable Cities and Society, 133, 106856. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2025.106856

Wang, X., & Beh, L.-S. (2025). The Yin and Yang of social media: Employing PLS-SEM, fsQCA, and NCA to assess its effects on employee work performance. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 217, 124164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124164

Wang, X., & Beh, L.-S. (in press). Unveiling critical technostress bottlenecks: Social media’s impact on work performance in social commerce. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2025.2497511

Wang, X., & Wang, C. (2025). How can scientific inquiry groups improve learning performance? Analysis based on the combination of NCA and fsQCA. Learning and Instruction, 98, 102135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2025.102135

Wang, X.-W., & Guo, Y. (2026). Beyond the screen: Understanding consumer engagement with live-stream shopping from the perspective of the information system success model. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 88, 104515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104515

Wang, X., Zhang, T., Luo, S., & Abedin, M. Z. (2023). Pathways to improve energy efficiency under carbon emission constraints in iron and steel industry: Using EBM, NCA and QCA approaches. Journal of Environmental Management, 348, 119206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119206

Wang, Z., & Zhao, H. (2025). A configuration analysis of the driving path of corporate physical investments: Necessary condition analysis and qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets. Managerial and Decision Economics, 46(1), 681–697. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4397

Wang, Z., Zhao, J., Wang, H., Song, D., Feng, D., Yu, M., & Li, F. (2025b). The influencing factors of depression among Chinese male nursing students: Application of decision tree and FsQCA. BMC Nursing, 24, 877. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-025-03407-z

Warnes, G. R., Bolker, B., Bonebakker, L., Gentleman, R., Huber, W., Liaw, A., Lumley, T., Maechler, M., Magnusson, A., Moeller, S., Schwartz, M., & Venables, B. (2024). Gplots: Various r programming tools for plotting data. https://github.com/talgalili/gplots

Wasserstein, R. L., & Lazar, N. A. (2016). The ASA statement on p-values: Context, process, and purpose. The American Statistician, 70(2), 129–133. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2016.1154108

Wattanacharoensil, W., Fakfare, P., Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., Chi, X., & Han, H. (2024). Determinants of traveler intention toward animal ethics in tourism: Developing a causal recipe combining cognition, affect, and norm factors. Tourism Management, 100, 104823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104823

Wattanacharoensil, W., Stettler, J., Zimmermann, L., & Wagenseil, U. (2024). Lucerne’s crossroads: Residents’ perspectives on tourism development and the imperative for regulatory oversight. Tourism Recreation Research, 50, 1352–1371. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2024.2423116

Wei, W., & Yang, S. (2025). Study on the factors and paths of optimizing and upgrading the regional industrial structure: A hybrid analysis based on extended NCA and fsQCA. Economic Analysis and Policy, 87, 2083–2102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eap.2025.08.009

Wernerfelt, B. (1984). A resource-based view of the firm. Strategic Management Journal, 5(2), 171–180. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250050207

Wickham, H., Chang, W., Henry, L., Pedersen, T. L., Takahashi, K., Wilke, C., Woo, K., Yutani, H., Dunnington, D., & van den Brand, T. (2024). ggplot2: Create elegant data visualisations using the grammar of graphics. https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org

Widge, A. S., Zhang, F., Gosai, A., Papadimitrou, G., Wilson-Braun, P., Tsintou, M., Palanivelu, S., Noecker, A. M., McIntyre, C. C., O’Donnell, L., McLaughlin, N. C. R., Greenberg, B. D., Makris, N., Dougherty, D. D., & Rathi, Y. (2022). Patient-specific connectomic models correlate with, but do not reliably predict, outcomes in deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(4), 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01199-9

Wijesinghe, U., Mapitiyage, V., Wickramarathne, C., Wickramage, C., Wisenthige, K., & Aluthwala, C. (2025). Does management support drive sustained agile usage? a serial mediation model and cIPMA perspective. PLOS ONE, 20, e0316538. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316538

Wilhelm, I. (2022). Typical: A theory of typicality and typicality explanation. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science. https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/pdf/10.1093/bjps/axz016

Wiśniewska, A. (2025). Attitude towards sustainability as a predictor of consumer behavioral intention. A test of 3x3-item scale in the context of the food market. Journal of Cleaner Production, 493, 144947. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.144947

Wiśniewska, A., Liczmańska-Kopcewicz, K., & Żemigała, M. (2025). Cognitive and affective antecedents of consumer engagement in green innovation processes. Sustainable Futures, 9, 100750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100750

Wold, H. (1985). Partial least squares. In S. Kotz & N. L. Johnson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of statistical sciences (Vol. 6, pp. 581–591). Wiley.

Wright, R. W. (1985). Causation in tort law. Calif. L. Rev., 73, 1735. https://scholarship.kentlaw.iit.edu/fac_schol/697

Wu, J.-W., Aw, E. C.-X., & Phau, I. (2025). Empowerment and psychological ownership in brand communities: A pathway to brand advocacy. Journal of Internet Commerce, 24, 153–183. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2025.2525820

Wu, Z., Aw, E. C.-X., Tan, G. W.-H., & Liu, C.-C. (in press). Speaking to loyalty: A cIPMA approach to understanding AI voice assistant service outcomes. Journal of Marketing Analytics. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-025-00446-y

Wu, Z., Aw, E. C.-X., Tan, G. W.-H., & Ooi, K.-B. (in press). Speak and shop! Transforming retail experience with AI voice assistants. Internet Research. https://doi.org/10.1108/intr-02-2024-0149

Xia, Q., Cheng, J., Jiang, C., Anand, A., & He, P. (2025). A causal configurational analysis of knowledge hiding from a conversational constraint perspective: Evidence from China. Journal of Knowledge Management, 29, 1857–1879. https://doi.org/10.1108/jkm-04-2024-0412

Xiao, H., Dong, C., & Li, Y. (2025). Third driving force of green-oriented trajectory-transformed technology innovation realizing market orientation: Qualitative and quantitative empirical analyses. Journal of Cleaner Production, 509, 145568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2025.145568

Xie, G. (2026). The impact of generative AI shopping assistants on E-commerce consumer motivation and behavior: Consumer-AI interaction design. International Journal of Information Management, 86, 102983. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2025.102983

Xie, Y., Zainudin, R., & Mahdzan, N. S. (2025). Corporate governance and efficiency performance in China’s life insurance industry: A configuration analysis based on DEA-fsQCA. Future Business Journal, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-025-00555-1

Xu, A., Siddik, A. B., Sobhani, F. A., & Rahman, Md. M. (2024). Driving economic success: Fintech, tourism, FDI, and digitalization in the top 10 tourist destinations. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1549. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-03978-3

Xu, Z., Yang, T., Chen, Y., Chen, Y., & Nan, J. (in press). Determinants of Adopting Wearable Devices for Non-Immersive Virtual Reality Upper Limb Training Systems: An Interaction Experience Perspective. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2544003

Yadav, A., Parida, M., Choudhary, P., & Kumar, B. (2024). Investigating important and necessary conditions to analyse traffic noise levels at intersections in mid-sized cities. Journal of Environmental Management, 355, 120515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120515

Yan, B., Liu, Y., Chen, B., Zhang, X., & Wu, L. (2023). What matters the most in curbing early COVID-19 mortality? A cross-country Necessary Condition Analysis. Public Administration, 101(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12873

Yan, C., & Wang, D. D. (2025). Digitalization and green innovation: A fuzzyset qualitative comparative analysis based on 30 provinces in China. Chinese Management Studies, 19, 1852–1872. https://doi.org/10.1108/cms-05-2024-0302

Yan, J., Işık, C., Ongan, S., Pinzon, S., & Tillaguango, B. (2024). Analysis of green total factor productivity in China’s forestry industry: Technological, organizational, and environmental framework for sustainable economic development. Sustainable Development, 32(6), 7278–7291. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.3080

Yang, J., & Hurmelinna-Laukkanen, P. (2022). Evolving appropriability–variation in the relevance of appropriability mechanisms across industries. Technovation, 118, 102593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2022.102593

Yang, J., Lv, X., Xu, X., & Chen, X. (2024). Heterogeneous treatment effects of digital transformation on firms’ innovation: Based on BART method. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 85, 102372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2024.102372

Yang, S., Bai, T., Li, Z., Feng, L., Zhang, J., & Jiang, W. (in press). Evaluation of indoor residential satisfaction of the older adults in old residential areas: A case study of Sichuan, China. Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1080/13467581.2025.2526196

Yang, Z. (in press). Research on the Driving Paths of Bilateral Renewable Energy Trade between Neighboring Countries and China from the Perspective of Behavioral Attribution. Environmental Research Communications. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adac37

Ye, X., Ruan, Y., Xia, S., & Gu, L. (2025). Adoption of digital intangible cultural heritage: A configurational study integrating UTAUT2 and immersion theory. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-024-04222-8

Yiling, L., He, Q., Wang, G., Deng, X., & Zhang, J. (2024). Exploring the missing link between top management teams’ characteristics and environmental information disclosures of construction corporations. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 32, 6917–6950. https://doi.org/10.1108/ECAM-12-2023-1240

Yin, K. (2025). A Study on the Dissemination Pathways of Public Opinion in Urban Public Safety Emergencies Driven by Social Media. Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy, 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12061-025-09729-4

Yin, X., Ye, J., Yu, S., Li, H., & Liu, Q. (in press). The impact of AI literacy, perception of technology, and student engagement on academic performance in GenAI-supported learning: A study based on FsQCA and NCA methods. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13831-y

Yoon, T., & Wang, S. (2025). When constraints become demotivators: Uncovering the psychological mechanisms behind parental travel avoidance and intention using PLS‐SEM and NCA. International Journal of Tourism Research, 27. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.70155

Yu, C., Cheah, J.-H., & Liu, Y. (2022). To stream or not to stream? Exploring factors influencing impulsive consumption through gastronomy livestreaming. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(9), 3394–3416. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2021-1137

Yu, D., Fan, H., & Zhang, N. (2024). Driving factors and grouping paths of rural sports development in China ‐ a qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets. PLOS ONE, 19(3), e0300169. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300169

Yu, Y., Wang, J., Jiang, H., & Lu, H. (2025). How to manage a multifactor-driven crude oil market more effectively? A revisit based on the multiple criteria perspective. Resources Policy, 100, 105446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2024.105446

Yuan, B., Tao, F., Chen, M., Zhang, Y., Chen, Q., & Lai, S. (in press). Tailor-to-target: Configuring construction worker safety behavior on big five personality traits. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2024-0864

Yuan, J., Shah, S. K., Tajeddini, K., Gamage, T. C., & Acevedo-Duque, Á. (2025). Unveiling psychosocial factors influencing metaverse-associated app adoption: Acumens from fsQCA approach. International Journal of Human Computer-Interaction, 41, 14306–14320. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2482744

Yuan, M., Zhuang, T., & Liu, G. (in press). What types of urban regeneration projects catalyze urban development? A configurational perspective. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-05-2025-0800

Zaerpour, N., Gharehgozli, A., & Li, K. (in press). Impacts of additive manufacturing on manufacturing supply chain design. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-06-2025-0611

Zahoor, N., Khan, Z., & Shenkar, O. (2023). International vertical alliances within the international business field: A systematic literature review and future research agenda. Journal of World Business, 58(1), 101385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101385

Zahrai, K., Veer, E., Ballantine, P. W., Vries, H. P. de, & Prayag, G. (2022). Either you control social media or social media controls you: Understanding the impact of self-control on excessive social media use from the dual-system perspective. Journal of Consumer Affairs, 56, 806–848. https://doi.org/10.1111/joca.12449

Zang, X., & Guo, S. (2024). Influencing factors of spatial conflicts in the Chinese urban environment from the perspective of spatial politics: Empirical study based on NCA and fsQCA. Journal of Chinese Governance, 9(1), 49–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/23812346.2023.2298012

Zeng, K., Murayama, T., Nishikizawa, S., & Suwanteep, K. (in press). Towards sustainable consumption: The influence of contextual factors on consumers’ purchase intentions for biodegradable plastic products. Sustainable Development. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.70257

Zhai, W., Zeng, Q., & Wang, L. (2025). Configurational pathways to port environmental efficiency: An fsQCA-NCA analysis of CO2 reduction drivers in port management. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 92, 104618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2025.104618

Zhang, H., Li, H., Li, C., & Lu, X. (2024). Disentangling user fatigue in WeChat use: The configurational interplay of fear of missing out and overload. Internet Research, 34(7), 160–186. https://doi.org/10.1108/INTR-07-2023-0565

Zhang, J. (2024a). A configurational analysis of innovation environment and industrial green total factor productivity. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 68, 3385–3410. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2024.2351421

Zhang, J. (2024b). A multidimensional perspective on the relationship between tourism and green growth. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 32(12), 2423–2441. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2023.2276039

Zhang, J. (2024c). The effects of ecosystem of business environment on tourism: A configurational perspective. Current Issues in Tourism, 27(24), 4676–4692. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2023.2291708

Zhang, J. (2025). Patterns of innovation-driven tourism competitiveness: Insights from 270 Chinese cities. Tourism Management, 107, 105063. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2024.105063

Zhang, J. (in pressa). Determinants of tourism enterprises’ low-carbon transition: Seen from the strategy tripod perspective. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2025.2573702

Zhang, J. (in pressb). The necessary and sufficient relationships between tourism and regional gender equality: Empirical evidence from ASEAN countries. Current Issues in Tourism. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2025.2495082

Zhang, J., Cui, J., & Chai, X. (2026). Job crafting in innovative digital contexts: A configurational analysis of behavioral pathways to performance. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 11, 100874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2025.100874

Zhang, J., Yang, Z., Zhang, X., Sun, J., & He, B. (2024). Institutional configuration study of urban green economic efficiency – analysis based on fsQCA and NCA. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/187130

Zhang, K., & Cheng, X. (2025). Determinants of consumers intentions to use smart home devices from the perspective of perceived value: A mixed SEM, NCA, and fsQCA study. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 87, 104399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104399

Zhang, L., Teirlinck, P., Su, T., & Yu, Y. (2024). How to configure the supply chain to stimulate firm innovation performance? International Journal of Production Economics, 277, 109384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2024.109384

Zhang, X., & Hao, X. (2025). Linkage mechanism of antecedents for employees’ continuous adoption of artificial intelligence virtual assistants. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 220, 124317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2025.124317

Zhang, Y., Dong, Z., Wang, Y., Yao, Y., & Huang, Y. (in press). Multiple paths to enhancing total factor productivity in the construction industry from the configuration perspective: Evidence from China. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-12-2024-1758

Zhang, Y., Hedo, R., Rivera, A., Rull, R., Richardson, S., & Tu, X. M. (2019). Post hoc power analysis: Is it an informative and meaningful analysis? General Psychiatry, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2019-100069

Zhang, Y., Lim, W., Cham, T.-H., Huang, H.-L., & Tapsir, S. H. (in press). Harnessing sustainability: The role of organizational resilience and big data in product innovation of Malaysian technology firms. Asia Pacific Business Review. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2025.2507733

Zhang, Y., & Zhang, J. (2024). Examining the complex causal relationships between the digital economy and urban tourist destination competitiveness. Economic Change and Restructuring, 57(4), 152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10644-024-09739-1

Zhang, Z., Chen, H., & Wu, L. (2024). How does technological innovation drive green growth in China’s complex environments? A configurational approach. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 67(11), 2583–2604. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2023.2195542

Zhao, H., & Furuoka, F. (2025). Linking social capital to green purchasing intentions in livestreaming sessions: The moderating role of perceived visible heterogeneity. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 12. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-025-04810-2

Zhao, H., Ru, P., & Jia, H. (in press). TikTok users migration to Xiaohongshu (Rednote): Emotional dynamics, platform governance, and an NCA-SEM analysis in cross-cultural adaptation. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2530088

Zhao, H., Yang, Y., Chen, Y., Yu, H., Chen, Z., & Yang, Z. (2025). Configuration analysis of crop-pollination service management: A novel insight from the theory of planned behavior. PLOS ONE, 20, e0326226. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0326226

Zhao, Y., Ye, Q., & Cai, J. (2024). Psychic distance’s impact on China’s reverse M&A innovation. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 61, 1249–1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2024.2412049

Zheng, J., Shi, L., & Jiang, T. (2022). What mechanism design helps to realize the innovation function of maker-spaces: A qualitative comparative analysis based on fuzzy sets. PLOS ONE, 17(9), e0274307. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0274307

Zheng, Y., Lin, C., Yan, J., & Guo, Y. (2025). How to enhance the innovation capacity of technology-based enterprises: A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis. International Review of Economics & Finance, 97, 103817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2024.103817

Zhong, W., & Luo, J. (in press). Befriend GenAI chatbots: Exploring the determinants of parasocial relationship in human-AI interaction through a hybrid PLS-ANN-NCA approach. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2025.2537794

Zhou, X., Wu, W., Chen, K., & Li, J. (2025). How do national laboratories fulfil their mission? A synergistic driving analysis based on NCA and TJ-QCA. Science, Technology and Society, 30, 690–709. https://doi.org/10.1177/09717218251376754

Zhou, X., Xing, S., Xu, J., Tian, J., Niu, A., & Lin, C. (2025). Impacts of climate change risk and economic policy uncertainty on carbon prices: Configuration analysis from a complex system perspective. Journal of Environmental Management, 373, 123622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123622

Zhou, Y., Kumar, S., & Furuoka, F. (2024). Enhancing customer value co-creation and stickiness in social commerce: Integrating PLS-SEM and NCA for deeper insights into customer-to-customer dynamics. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 46. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02586-x

Zhou, Y., Kuncel, N. R., & Sackett, P. R. (2024). Examining the existence of cognitive thresholds in highly quantitative college courses. Journal of Intelligence, 12(4), 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence12040037

Zhou, Z., Chen, Z., Jin, X.-L., & Yuan, Z. (2024). Unveiling motivational configurations in shaping meaningful engagement in green gamification. European Journal of Information Systems, 34, 715–738. https://doi.org/10.1080/0960085X.2024.2404968

Zhu, P., Miao, C., Wang, Z., & Li, X. (2023). Informational cascade, regulatory focus and purchase intention in online flash shopping. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 62, 101343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2023.101343

Zhu, Y., & Song, W. (2025). From cues to choices: The effect of eco-labels and quality excellence on sustainable online consumption in product–service systems. Computers & Industrial Engineering, 209, 111480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2025.111480

Zielińska, A., Lebuda, I., Gop, A., & Karwowski, M. (2024). Teachers as creative agents: How self-beliefs and self-regulation drive teachers’ creative activity. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 77, 102267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2024.102267

Zielińska, A., Lebuda, I., & Karwowski, M. (2023). Dispositional self-regulation strengthens the links between creative activity and creative achievement. Personality and Individual Differences, 200, 111894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2022.111894

Zitao, Y., Zixiao, Z., & Huaxia, H. (2025). Decoding multi-paths: Context, configuration and capability resonance of ESG performance in SRDI enterprises – configuration analysis based on fsQCA and NCA. Sustainable Futures, 10, 100817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sftr.2025.100817

Znaniecki, F. (1934). The Method of Sociology. Farrar & Rinehart.